Theoretical Foundations

Question 1

Helps explain an event by:

• Defining idea or concepts
• Explaining relationship among the concepts
• Predicting outcome

Answer 1

Theory

Question 2

Nursing Theory

Answer 2

Conceptualization of some aspect of Nursing:

• Describe
• Explain
• Predicts and/or
• Prescribes nursing care

Question 3

Components of Theory

Answer 3

• Phenomenon
• Concepts
• Definitions
• Assumptions

Question 4

NEEDS THEORY

• Assist the patient with activities until they recover or die
• 14 basic needs

Answer 4

Virginia Henderson (1897-1996)

Question 5

SELF-CARE THEORY

• The nurses prescribes & regulates the nursing system based on the patients’ self-care deficit
• 3 inter-related theories:
  1. Theory of self-care
  2. Theory of self-care deficit
  3. Theory of self-care capacities

Answer 5

Dorothea Orem (1914-2007)

Question 6

ROY’S ADAPTATION MODEL

• Nursing as a “humanistic discipline that emphasizes the person’s adaptive or coping abilities”
• The nurse assesses the patients’ adaptation behaviors & then uses the nursing process to develop diagnoses, goals, interventions, & evaluates the pts’ progress

Answer 6

Sister Callista Roy (1939-)

Question 7

WELLNESS MODEL BASED ON GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY (Health as expanding consciousness)

• Focus is the client system in relationship to stressors
• Nursing care focus on reducing stress factors & adverse conditions that increase the risk OR optimum pt function

Answer 7

Margaret Newman (1933-)

Question 8

TRANSCULTURAL NURSING

• Viewed cultural differences & health care practices
• Based on culturally congruent care

Answer 8

Madeline Leininger (1925-2012)

Question 9

THEORY OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS

• Focuses on the effective interaction b/w the pt and the nurse
• Nurse-pt relationship. 2 goals:
  1. Survival of pt
  2. Pt’s understanding of health problems and develop new behavior patterns

Answer 9

Hildegard Peplau (1909-1999)

Question 10

THEORY OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP cont…

4 phases:

Develop therapeutic relationships that are…

Answer 10

POWR

1. Pre-orientation
2. Orientation
3. Working phase
4. Resolution

REN

• Respectful
• Empathetic
• Non-judgemental

Question 11

THEORY OF CARING

• Goal of nursing is to help people attain a higher level of harmony within the mind-body-spirit
• 10 carative factors
• Holistic outlook addresses the impact and importance of altruism, sensitivity, trust, and interpersonal skills

Answer 11

Jean Watson (1940-)

Question 12

Touch

Answer 12

• Provides comfort
• Creates a connection
• Noncontact Touch
• Contact Touch

Question 13

Types of Contact touch

Answer 13

• Task-oriented touch
• Caring touch
• Protective touch

Question 14

Essentials 1-9

• Expected outcomes of graduates of baccalaureate nursing programs
• Provides nursing programs w/ examples of educational approaches

Answer 14

Essentials of Baccalaureate Education (AACN)

-created in 2008 by American Association of Colleges of Nursing

Question 15

Involves identification of practice issues; appraisal and integration of evidence; evaluation of outcomes

• Monitor pt outcomes & identify practice issues
• share evidence of best practices w/ a Interprofessional team
• Advocate protection of human subjects in research
• Evaluates credibility of info sources

Answer 15

Essential III: Scholarship of Evidence-Based Practice

Question 16

Professional values are the foundation for practices of nursing

• Responsibility for individual actions and behaviors - including civility
• Altruism, Autonomy, Human dignity, Integrity
• Demonstrates the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct

Answer 16

Essential VIII: Professionalism and Professional Values

Question 17

“Contributes to plan of care”

• Performed focuses assessments
• 12 months of education

Answer 17

Vocational Nursing Education

Question 18

“Direct nursing care to or coordinate care for a limited number of pts in various health care settings”
-Comprehensive nursing care to pts and their families
Comprehensive assessments to identify health needs and monitor changes

Answer 18

Diploma and Associate Degree Nursing Education

Diploma - Hospital based education that is 2-3 yrs long

Associate Degree - 2 yrs of education w/ a balance of liberal arts and nursing

Question 19

“Provide direct care for pts, families, populations, & communities experiencing complex and unpredictable health care needs in structured and unstructured settings”

• Comprehensive nursing care to pts, families, populations, and communities
• Perform comprehensive assessments and monitor changes to include factors impacting health status

Answer 19

Baccalaureate Nursing Education

120 semester hours - 60 from liberal arts and 60-70 hrs from nursing courses

Question 20

Roles of Generalist nurse:

Answer 20

• Providers of direct and indirect care
• Provides evidence based care
• Prepared for ethical dilemmas
• Practices from a holistic, caring framework

Question 21

Roles of Generalist nurse cont..

Answer 21

• Recognizes the diff. b/w disease and the individual’s illness experience
• Provides care in and across all environments
• Focuses on individual, family, community, and population
• Are designers, coordinators, and managers of care

Question 22

“Caring is a concept central to professional nursing practice. Caring is related to this Essential encompasses the nurse’s empathy for, connection to, and being w/ the patient, as well as the ability to translate these affective characteristics into compassionate, sensitive, and pt-centered care

Answer 22

BSN Essential VIII Definition of Caring

Question 23

Caring: Providing Presence

Answer 23

• Being with
• Eye Contact
• Body lang
• Tone of voice
• Listening
• Positive and Encouraging attitude

Question 24

Established and approved these competencies to help promote clarity and consistency b/w and among programs

Answer 24

Purpose of DECs

Question 25

4 Nursing roles in the DEC

Answer 25

• Members of the Profession
• Provider fo Pt-Centered Care
• Pt Safety Advocate
• Member of the Health Care Team