Chapter 5

Question 1

What is a conformational change

Answer 1

Change in structure

Question 2

What causes ions to cross the membrane

Answer 2

[Gradient] and electrical gradient

Question 3

Which way do ions move toward like or opposite charges

Answer 3

Toward opposite charges

Question 4

What is polarization

Answer 4

Separation of charges

Question 5

What does depolarized mean

Answer 5

Becoming less polarized

Question 6

What does hyperpolarize mean

Answer 6

Becoming more charged

Question 7

Which way do pumps move ions with or against the electric/[gradients]

Answer 7

Against gradients

Question 8

Do pumps have a pore

Answer 8

No

Question 9

True or False:

Ions attract water

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What are the 2 ways ion channels are selective

Answer 10

1. Size of pore

2. Selectivity filter

Question 11

What size ions attract more water smaller or larger ions

Answer 11

Smaller ions

Question 12

What is bigger with a water shell Na+ or K+ and why

Answer 12

Na+ due to smaller ion size

Question 13

How does selectivity filtering work

Answer 13

Amino acids in the pore that attract specific ions which causes the water shell to be shed and Na+ moves through and is propelled into cell and regains water shell

Question 14

What is the patch clamp technique

Answer 14

Take a glass pipette with ions in it and fill it with solution then place it onto cell membrane so 1 ion channel is inside of it and then pull pack on pipette making seal then release ions

Question 15

What is the patch clamp technique used for

Answer 15

Detecting if ions are moving in or out of cells

Question 16

What is ligand gating

Answer 16

When a molecule such as a NT binds to extracellular portion of channel causing channel to open

Question 17

What is an agonist to ligand gating

Answer 17

Drugs that facilitate postsynaptic effects causing pore to open and stay opened

Question 18

What is an antagonist to ligand gating

Answer 18

Drugs that block postsynaptic effects causing the pore to close and stay closed

Question 19

What is direct ligand gated

Answer 19

Competitive binding

Question 20

What is indirect ligand gated

Answer 20

Non-competitive binding

Question 21

What is competitive binding

Answer 21

Opposing molecules try to bind to the same location of the ion channel

Question 22

What is non-competitive binding

Answer 22

Opposing molecules bind at different locations of the ion channel

Question 23

What does endogenous mean

Answer 23

Something made within the body

Question 24

What is phosphorylation gating

Answer 24

Phosphate is bound ion channel is open if not it is closed

Question 25

What controls voltage gating

Answer 25

Positively charged amino acids inside the ion channel

Question 26

What is stress or pressure gating

Answer 26

When the ion channel experiences pressure/stretch when touched it opens the channel

Question 27

Where is the cytoskeleton attached in stress/pressure gating and what is it’s function

Answer 27

The inside of the cell membrane and it becomes taught when stress or pressure is applied opening the ion channel

Question 28

What 2 things cause ion channels to become inactivated

Answer 28

1. Voltage

2. Ca++ binding

Question 29

When inactivated will voltage open the ion channel

Answer 29

No

Question 30

When resting will voltage open the ion channel

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

Does the ball and chain move slowly or quickly

Answer 31

Slowly

Question 32

How long is the ion channel inactivated

Answer 32

Until it becomes repolarized

Question 33

What is the refractory period

Answer 33

The time in which the ion channel is inactivated