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Neuro > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 classes of cells in the nervous system

A
  1. Neurons

2. Glia

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2
Q

How many neurons are in the brain

A

100 billion

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3
Q

True or False:

There are more glial cells than neurons

A

True

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4
Q

What is the neuron made up of (7)

A
  1. Dendrite
  2. Soma
  3. Axon hillock
  4. Axon
  5. Myelin
  6. Nodes of Ranvier
  7. Terminal buttons
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5
Q

Where is the axon hillock located

A

Part of axon usually attached to cell body

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6
Q

What occurs at the axon hillock

A

The first place an action potential is generated

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7
Q

What is the presynaptic terminal

A

Terminal button

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8
Q

What is the synapse

A

The gap between neurons

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9
Q

What can the synapse also be considered (3)

A
  1. Terminal button
  2. Gap
  3. Postsynaptic cell
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10
Q

How fast does an action potential travel down the axon

A

200 mph

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11
Q

Where are bipolar neurons located

A

The retina

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12
Q

Where are pyramidal neurons located

A

Hippocampus and cerebral cortex

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13
Q

What are glial cells used for

A

Neural support

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14
Q

What regulate extracellular fluid, take up extra neurotransmitters, and regulate NT

A

Astrocytes

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15
Q

Where are the endfeet of astrocytes located

A

On capillaries

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16
Q

What do astrocytes wrap around

A

The presynaptic terminals of several axons

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17
Q

True or False:

Microglia suddenly proliferate around damaged areas

A

True

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18
Q

What do microglia cells do

A

Remove waste and eat viruses, fungi, and microorganisms

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19
Q

Where are oligodendrocytes located

A

Only in the CNS

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20
Q

True or False:

Oligodendrocytes can make multiple beads on multiple axons

A

True

21
Q

Do oligodendrocytes allow for regrowth

A

No

22
Q

Where are schwann cells located

A

The PNS only

23
Q

Do schwann cells allow for regrowth

A

Yes’m

24
Q

How many myelin beads can one schwann cell make

A

One

25
Q

What do radial glial cells do

A

Help guide the migrating neurons from where they are born to where they end up

26
Q

What is divergence

A

A sensory neuron that sends sensory info to many downstream neurons

27
Q

What is convergence

A

Many sensory neurons send sensory info to one downstream neuron

28
Q

What is excited and inhibited during the knee jerk reflex

A

Excited: Quadricep
Inhibited: Hamstring

29
Q

What does feed forward inhibition do (2)

A
  1. Enhances pathway

2. Inhibits opposing actions

30
Q

What does feedback inhibition do (2)

A
  1. Self regulating

2. Prevents excessive activation

31
Q

What is the input region of a neuron

A

Dendrites

32
Q

What is the conductive region of a neuron

A

Axon

33
Q

What is the output region of a neuron

A

Terminal button

34
Q

What is the integrative region of a neuron

A

Axon hillock

35
Q

What do you compare the charge of the intracellular fluid (cytosol) to

A

The charge of the extracellular fluid

36
Q

Can membrane permeability change in a neuron

A

You knows it!!!

37
Q

What happens during the patellar tendon reflex when the hammer hits the patellar tendon

A

NA+ goes into the dendrite

38
Q

What type of potential is sent to the dendrites

A

Grade potentials

39
Q

What is a graded potential

A

Can be of varying magnitudes and lengths

40
Q

What can the graded potential cause if it is big enough

A

An action potential

41
Q

What does the action potential cause

A

Depolarization of the axon

42
Q

True or False:

The axon always depolarizes to the same mV level every time it fire no matter how big the action potential

A

True

43
Q

What causes depolarization of the axon

A

Influx of Na+

44
Q

When does Na+ level the axon

A

Immediately

45
Q

Where is the [Na+] concentration higher intracellular or extracellular

A

Extracellular

46
Q

What is all or none

A

The stimulus is either high enough to cause a reaction which involves the entire neuron or it will not cause any reaction at all

47
Q

What is located in the synaptic cleft of a synapse

A

Extracellular fluid

48
Q

What does NT release cause in the dendrites

A

Graded potentials

49
Q

If all sensory stimuli are converted to similar electric impulses or AP how do they not get misinterpreted

A

There are different connections and pathways that go to different sensory regions in the brain

Neuro (15 decks)

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