C- Overview and Anatomy

Question 1

Cells Have Needs like (6)

Answer 1

Nutrients (glucose, amino acids)
Oxygen
Waste Removal (CO2, Lactic Acid)
Constant temperature
Constant pH
Constant isomolarity

CV system provides this

Question 2

The function of the cardiovascular system is to maintain ______________

Answer 2

homeostasis

Question 3

Three Parts to the Cardiovascular System

Answer 3

Heart - pump

Blood- transportation mechanism

Vasculature tubing-exchange system

Question 4

Left side is higher pressure, serves the________

Answer 4

systemic circulation

Question 5

Right side is lower pressure, serves the ___________

Answer 5

pulmonary circulation

Question 6

Low pressure

single pathway through a single set of capillary beds

Answer 6

Pulmonary circulation:

Question 7

Higher pressure

Mostly arranged in parallel

Answer 7

Systemic circulation

Question 8

oxygenated blood usually only visits one organ system before returning to heart

Answer 8

parallel arrangement

Question 9

Functional Anatomy of the Heart:

Rule of 4

Answer 9

4 Chambers, 4 Vessels, and 4 Valves

Question 10

Vessels of the heart

Answer 10

sup. vena cava
inf. vena cave
aorta
pulm a. & v.

Question 11

Ventricles are

Answer 11

main pumping chambers

Question 12

Atria are

Answer 12

Smaller “priming” chambers

Question 13

Valves of the heart

Answer 13

tricuspid valve
pulm valve
aortic valve
mitral valve

Question 14

Layers of the heart wall

Answer 14

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 15

Pericardial Membrane is not

Answer 15

NOT connected to the heart, just surrounds it

Question 16

Valves are one-way, control direction of blood flow through the heart

Pressure operated – _______

Answer 16

PASSIVE

Question 17

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 17

tricuspid

mitral

Question 18

Semilunar valves

Answer 18

outflow valves

aortic and pulm

Question 19

Valves are __________ control direction of blood flow through the heart

Pressure operated – PASSIVE

Answer 19

one-way

Question 20

between atria and ventricles
have chordae tendons that attach to papillary muscles in ventricles and help stabilize valves and prevent prolapse of the valves.

Answer 20

Atrioventricular valves

Question 21

Between ventricles and great arteries

No chordea tendons

Answer 21

Semilunar valves

Question 22

Automaticity and the heart means

Answer 22

heart beat is myogenic, originates within the heart itself

Question 23

specialized myocytes

initiates the heartbeat

Answer 23

Sinoatrial Node

Question 24

between atria and ventricles

slows conduction to allow atrial contraction to precede ventricular contraction

Answer 24

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 25

between AV node and left and right bundle branches in ventricles

fibers on inner walls of ventricles = specialized cardiac myocytes cells that allow fast conduction

coordinated contraction of ventricles

Answer 25

His-Purkinje system

Question 26

Coronary Circulation

Answer 26

R. main coronary a

left main coronary a

Question 27

Left Main Coronary Artery

Answer 27

supplies left atrium & ventricle
bifurcates to Left Anterior Descending (LAD) and Circumflex arteries
LAD = “widowmaker”

Question 28

Right Main Coronary Artery

Answer 28

supplies right atrium & right ventricle

Question 29

Coronary arteries arise from root of ______

Answer 29

aorta

Question 30

Anatomy of Resistance Vessels (Arterioles)

Answer 30

Tunica adventitia
Tunica media
Tunica intima

Question 31

(Arterioles)
outermost layer
connective tissue (collagen & elastin)

Answer 31

Tunica adventitia

Question 32

(Arterioles)
middle layer
Innervated smooth muscle cells
Controls vessel diameter

Answer 32

Tunica media

Question 33

(Arterioles)
inner layer
connective tissue and vascular endothelium
Important for signaling
Site of atherosclerotic plaque formation

Answer 33

Tunica intima