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Lindsey's Blood and Lymph Unit III > Immunopathology Type 2, Autoimmunity > Flashcards

Immunopathology Type 2, Autoimmunity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the treatments of Dressler Syndrome?

A

anti-inflammatory agents

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2
Q

What is rheumatoid factor (RF)?

A

IgM anti-IgG in RA

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3
Q

People with SLE can make autoantibodies to _____, ____, ____, _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____.

A

nuclear proteins, DNA, RNA, RBCs, clotting factors, platelets, skin, T cells

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3
Q

When can passive antibodies cause diseases?

A
  1. hemolytic disease of the newborn 2. mismatched transfusions 3. children of mothers with myasthenia gravis or SLE
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4
Q

Who gets Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)?

A

pts who recently had a viral infection; have a different autoimmune disease; hx of cancer

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5
Q

How does the immunofluorescence appear in Goodpasture Syndrome cells?

A

sharp, linear

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6
Q

What are the s/s of Goodpasture Syndrome?

A

persistent glomerularnephritis, pneumonitis, pulmonary hemmorhages

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7
Q

What is Dressler Syndrome?

A

autoantibodies to the heart post MI or heart surgery

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8
Q

Platelets are phagocytosed via _____ damage in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.

A

complement-mediated

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8
Q

What is Goodpasture Syndrome?

A

autoantibodies to lung and kidney BM

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8
Q

What is chronic beryllium disease (CBD)?

A

an allergic response and lung disease due to beryllium exposure/poisoning

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8
Q

What is a good diagnostic marker in Celiac disease?

A

antibody to tissue transglutaminase

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9
Q

What causes Rheumatic Heart Disease?

A

a cross reaction of group A strep M-protein antigen and laminin on heart valves, followed by neutrophil-mediated tissue destruction

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9
Q

SLE is much more common in ____, pointing to an ____ effect.

A

females; Estrogen

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10
Q

Dressler Syndrome is seen in _____.

A

patients who had a MI or heart surgery

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10
Q

If you have a sample of the patient’s tissue, you can use the _____ test for autoimmunity.

A

direct

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11
Q

What is the treatment for inappropriate tachycardia?

A

a beta blocker (propranolol)

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12
Q

What is a sequestered antigen?

A

antigens that cannot get into the system until an immune response is started in another way

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14
Q

What is stimulatory hypersensitivity?

A

autoantibody to receptor activates it (agonist)

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14
Q

What is the hallmark test for autoimmunity?

A

immunofluorescence

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15
Q

What is Aire?

A

a thymic transcription factor

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15
Q

What is an innocent bystander?

A

normal tissue that is damaged because it’s near or associated with antigen

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16
Q

Name a physical sign characteristic of SLE.

A

facial butterfly rash

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16
Q

RA is linked to the gene _____.

A

PADI4

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17
Q

How does complement-mediated damage harm tissue?

A

lysis, phagocytosis, lysosomal enzymes and ROS

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17
Q

Why do disease states persist, even when the initial antigen is long gone?

A

autoimmune responses to normally sequestered antigens released from damaged cells

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18
Q

Lysis of ____ occurs in autoimmune hemolytic anemia via complement-mediated damage.

A

RBCs

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19
Q

If you have a sample of the patient’s serum, you can use the _____ test for autoimmunity.

A

indirect

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21
Q

What are the hallmarks of type 2 immune diseases?

A
  1. IgG, IgM, or IgA autoantibody mediated (harm to self) 2. can stimulate or damage the cell
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22
Q

Lysis of RBCs occurs in _____ via complement-mediated damage.

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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22
Q

What is paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)?

A

hemolysis after exposure to cold

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22
Q

What is epitope spreading?

A

more and more epitopes and proteins become involved as the disease progresses

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23
Q

Forbidden clones have been ID’d as the pathogenesis of what disease?

A
  1. myasthenia gravis
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25
Q

____ and _____ damage cells via complement-mediated damage in myasthenia gravis and Goodpasture disease.

A

ROS; lysosomal enzymes

27
Q

What are treatments for Myasthenia Gravis?

A
  1. thymectomy 2. immunosuppression 3. neostigmine-related drugs
28
Q

The incidence of SLE is _____ and is higher in _____.

A

1/3500; blacks, Hispanics, Asians

28
Q

Although at its earliest stages RA seems to be _____, eventually most of the pathogenesis is due to T cells.

A

antibody-mediated

30
Q

ROS and lysosomal enzymes damage cells via complement-mediated damage in _____ and _____.

A

myasthenia gravis; Goodpasture disease

32
Q

ROS and lysosomal enzymes damage cells via _____ damage in myasthenia gravis and Goodpasture disease.

A

complement-mediated

32
Q

What is systemic lupus erythromatosus (SLE)?

A

autoimmune disease we don’t understand; might by apoptotic dysregulation; autoantibody mediated

34
Q

____ are phagocytosed via complement-mediated damage in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.

A

Platelets

35
Q

Give an example of a stimulatory hypersensitivity.

A

LATS in hyperthyroidism

37
Q

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

A

a disease of progressive muscle weakness bc of autoantibody to AChR

38
Q

How are platelets destroyed in Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ATP)?

A

opsonized for destruction by the spleen

40
Q

Platelets are _____ via complement-mediated damage in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.

A

phagocytosed

41
Q

Name the examples of chronic frustrated immune response diseases.

A
  1. Crohns disease 2. psoriasis 3. chronic beryllium disease 4. celiac disease
42
Q

What are neostigmine-related drugs?

A

anticholinesterases

42
Q

What is a treatment for RA?

A

rituximab

44
Q

Platelets are phagocytosed via complement-mediated damage in ______.

A

autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura

45
Q

Immunopathology depends on 3 factors: ____, ____, and ____.

A

genetics, environment, bad luck :(

46
Q

What is the treatment for Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ATP)?

A
  1. immunosuppression 2. splenectomy
48
Q

Name 2 general mechanisms of tissue damage.

A
  1. complement-mediated damage 2. stimulatory hypersensitivity
49
Q

What causes inappropriate tachycardia in about 50% of people?

A

autoantibodies of the Beta-adrenergic receptor

51
Q

Give an example of a stimulatory hypersensitivity.

A

Graves disease from LATS (IgG antibody to the TSHR stimulating release of TH)

52
Q

Who does RA affect?

A

women, 1/100 Americans; smokers and those exposed to air pollution

54
Q

Who typically gets Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ATP)?

A

young people post viral-infection; old people with other autoimmunities

56
Q

Lysis of RBCs occurs in autoimmune hemolytic anemia via _____ damage.

A

complement-mediated

57
Q

____ is linked to the gene PADI4.

A

RA

58
Q

Celiac disease is considered a type ____ immunopathology.

A

chronic frustrated

59
Q

What is Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ATP)?

A

autoantibody to platelets, causing their destruction

60
Q

What is the result of Hashimoto Thyroiditis and why?

A

hypothyroidism bc of thyroid destruction

61
Q

What is Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

A

both B and T cell immunity to various thyroid antigens, including thyroglobulin, causes inflammation disease in thyroid

62
Q

What does rituximab target?

A

CD20 on B cells

63
Q

What are the hallmarks of type 3 immune diseases?

A
  1. immune complexes trapped in the BM-> complement activated->vasculitic inflammation 2. T-cell mediated when chronic
65
Q

Although at its earliest stages RA seems to be antibody-mediated, eventually most of the pathogenesis is due to _____.

A

T cells

66
Q

What is a forbidden clone?

A

a self-reactive cell that somehow escaped clonal deletion

67
Q

The autoantibody of the AChR causes damage by ____ and ____-mediated attack.

A

complement and neutrophil

68
Q

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

A

the most common autoimmune disease; IgM anti IgG

69
Q

What is CHRNA1?

A

the gene for the AChR alpha subunit

70
Q

What is inappropriate tachycardia?

A

fast heart rate without cardiac abnormalities

71
Q

DM1 is considered a type ____ immunopathology.

A

IV

72
Q

What is the antigen in Goodpasture Syndrome?

A

type IV collagen

73
Q

What causes paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)?

A

autoantibodies that bind RBCs at 15deg C

74
Q

What provides a diagnostic marker in DM1?

A

antibodies to islet-associated antigens

75
Q

Give an example of sequestered antigen pathogenesis.

A

male sterility in mumps caused by mumps breaking down the blood/testis barrier, immunizing the sperm

76
Q

What is a foreign + self hybrid antigen?

A

the coupling of self + nonself antigens that are presented to anti-self B cells that hadn’t been deleted

77
Q

What are the s/s of Dressler Syndrome?

A

persistent cardiac pain, fever, malaise, and pericardial effusion

78
Q

What drugs can induce AIHA?

A
  1. penicillin 2. methyldopa 3. chlorpromazine 4. quinidine
79
Q

What are the hallmarks of type 1 immune diseases?

A
  1. IgE antibody mediated 2. Th2 cell mediated
80
Q

What are the hallmarks of type 4 immune diseases?

A
  1. T cell response outcomes 2. can be normal or abnormal (inc autoimmune)
81
Q

What is the chronic frustrated immune response?

A

the body is using the adaptive immune response to get rid of antigens that it never can

82
Q

How is autoantibody to AChR made?

A

Aire drives the thymic expression of CHRNA1; these Th reactive cells are not deleted

83
Q

What is Rheumatic Heart Disease?

A

heart disease from recent strep infection;

Lindsey's Blood and Lymph Unit III (10 decks)

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