Final; Efficacy of Diagnostic Techniques for Periodontal Disease

Question 1

Periodontal disease is currently diagnosed almost entirely on the basis of what

Answer 1

its clinical manifestations; gingival inflammation, periodontal probing, tooth mobility, furcation involvement, radiographs for bone loss

Question 2

What are the two traditionally used diagnostic procedures for diagnosing periodontal disease

Answer 2

periodontal examination and radiographs

Question 3

What three tests are not routinely used in clinical practice

Answer 3

microbiologic testing
assessment of the host response
genetic analysis

Question 4

What are some limitations of probe penetration

Answer 4

lack of sensitivity and reproducibility

probing depth; inflammation, technique, subgingival calculus

Question 5

What are some limitations of diagnosing CAL

Answer 5

poor reliability and reproducibility

limited practical value

Question 6

What are some limitations of radiographic examinations

Answer 6

limited sensitivity in small bone change; can only be identified by eye after 30% to 50% of the bone mineral has been lost
no value in evaluating disease activity or progression

Question 7

What is the mechanism of ultrasonic periodontal probing

Answer 7

it uses a hollow tapered tip that is filled with water for coupling of the ultrasonic beam into the tissues (non-invasive)

Question 8

This has been introduced for the detection of periodontal defects in in-vitro settings, especially for bony defects, periodontal cysts, furcation defects, and thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa

Answer 8

CBCT

Question 9

This quality of a diagnostic test refers to the probability of the test being positive when the disease is truly present

Answer 9

sensitivity

Question 10

This quality of a diagnostic test refers to the probability of the test being negative when the disease is not present

Answer 10

specificity

Question 11

This type of microbiologic testing is the gold standard method which assess for antibiotic susceptibility of microbes but has low sensitivity

Answer 11

bacterial culturing

Question 12

This type of microbiologic testing depicts the morphology and motility of bacteria in a plaque sample

Answer 12

direct microscopy

Question 13

This type of microbiologic testing uses Abs that target sepcific bacterial Ag, flow cytomerty, ELISA, and latex agglutination

Answer 13

immunodiagnositc methods

Question 14

This type of microbiologic testing identifies common tyrpsin-like enzymes in periodontal pathogens

Answer 14

enzymatic methods

Question 15

This type of microbiologic testing analyzes DNA, RNA, and structure and function or proteins from target microorganisms

Answer 15

molecular biology techniques

Question 16

What are five sources of a sample used to asses the host response

Answer 16

saliva
GCF (most commonly used)
blood serum
blood cells
urine

Question 17

How would you collect GCF

Answer 17

paper strips are placed within the crevice for 30 seconds

Question 18

What three things can be found within the GCF

Answer 18

host-derived enzymes and their inhibitors
byproducts of tissue breakdown
inflammatory mediators and host-response modifiers

Question 19

These are possible markers of active periodontal destruction, released from dead or dying PMNs

Answer 19

intracellular destruction enzymes

Question 20

What are four examples of intracellular destruction enzymes

Answer 20

aspartate amino-transferase
alkaline phosphatase
beta-glucuronidase
elastase

Question 21

These are associated with the activity of matrix metalloproteinases, produced by inflammatory, epithelial, and connective tissue cells

Answer 21

extracellular destruction enzymes

Question 22

The ECM of the periodontium is composed of what

Answer 22

collagen, proteoglycans, and non-collagen proteins

Question 23

Elevated levels of what three things can be found in the GCF from sites with periodontitis

Answer 23

hydroxyproline (collagen breakdown)
glycosaminoglyans (from matrix degradation)
osteocalcin and type I collagen (from alveolar bone destruction)

Question 24

Why test saliva for periodontal disease

Answer 24

its abundant, easy to collect, and store

high enriched content of disease biomarkers

Question 25

What two tests can be done via saliva testing

Answer 25

type and concentration of specific periodontal pathogens

genetic susceptibility based upon over-expression of IL-1 a

Question 26

Whats the main issue with salivary diagnostic testing

Answer 26

not being able to specifically predict periods of disease activity