55 Les abstractions 1 Flashcards

1
Q

une habitude

A

a habit [ˈhæbɪt]

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2
Q

par habitude

A

from habit • out of habit

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3
Q

avoir l’habitude de faire, avoir pour habitude de faire

A

to be in the habit of doing • to have the habit of doing

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4
Q

être habitué à qqch. / à faire qqch.

A

to be used to sth / to doing sth

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5
Q

j’(en) ai l’habitude

A

I’m used to it

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6
Q

être accoutumé à qqch. / à faire qqch.

A

to be accustomed to sth / to doing sth

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7
Q

une coutume

A

a custom [ˈkʌstəm]

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8
Q

selon la coutume

A

according to custom

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9
Q

il le faisait (régulièrement dans le passé)

A

he used to do it

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10
Q

s’habituer à qqch. / à faire qqch.

A

to get* used to sth / to doing sth

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11
Q

s’accoutumer à qqch. / à faire qqch.

A

to get* accustomed to sth / to doing sth

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12
Q

prendre l’habitude de faire qqch.

A

to get* into the habit of doing sth

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13
Q

ne prends pas cette habitude

A

don’t make a habit of it

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14
Q

devenir une habitude

A

to become* a habit

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15
Q

faire qqch. machinalement

A

to do sth automatically

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16
Q

une mauvaise habitude

A

a bad habit

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17
Q

prendre de mauvaises habitudes

A

to get* into bad habits

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18
Q

habituel

A

usual [ˈjuːʒʊəl] • habitual [həˈbɪtjʊəl]

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19
Q

coutumier

A

customary [ˈkʌstəmərɪ]

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20
Q

d’habitude, habituellement

A

usually [ˈjuːʒʊəlɪ] • as a rule

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21
Q

comme d’habitude

A

as usual

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22
Q

c’est pire que d’habitude

A

it’s worse than usual

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23
Q

ordinaire

A

ordinary [ˈɔːdnrɪ]

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24
Q

d’ordinaire

A

ordinarily [ˈɔːdnrɪlɪ]

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25
Q

courant

A

common(place) [ˈkɒmən(ˌpleɪs)]

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26
Q

normal

A

normal [ˈnɔːməl]

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27
Q

c’est la norme

A

it’s the norm • it’s standard practice

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28
Q

traditionnel

A

traditional [trəˈdɪʃənl]

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29
Q

une tradition

A

a tradition [trəˈdɪʃən]

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30
Q

la tradition veut que…

A

it is a tradition that …

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31
Q

la réponse / réaction classique

A

the stock reply / reaction

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32
Q

moyen

A

average [ˈævərɪdʒ]

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33
Q

la moyenne

A

the average

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34
Q

au-dessus / au-dessous de la moyenne

A

above / below average

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35
Q

régulier

A

regular [ˈregjʊləʳ]

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36
Q

la régularité

A

regularity [ˌregjʊˈlærɪtɪ]

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37
Q

banal

A

banal [bəˈnɑːl] • common or garden • run-of-the-mill

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38
Q

la banalité

A

banality [bəˈnælɪtɪ]

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39
Q

quotidien

A

everyday [ˈevrɪdeɪ]

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40
Q

commun

A

common [ˈkɒmən]

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41
Q

un lieu commun

A

a commonplace

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42
Q

routinier

A

humdrum [ˈhʌmdrʌm]

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43
Q

la routine

A

routine [ruːˈtiːn]

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44
Q

familier

A

familiar [fəˈmɪljəʳ]

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45
Q

se familiariser avec qqch.

A

to familiarize o.s. with sth • to get* to know sth • to become* acquainted with sth

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46
Q

bien connaître qqch., être familiarisé avec qqch.

A

to know* sth well • to be familiar with sth

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47
Q

arriver, se passer

A

to happen [ˈhæpən] • to occur [əˈkɜːʳ]

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48
Q

avoir lieu

A

to take* place

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49
Q

souvent

A

often [ˈɒfən]

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50
Q

toujours

A

always [ˈɔːlweɪz]

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51
Q

presque toujours

A

nearly always • almost always

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52
Q

inhabituel

A

unusual [ʌnˈjuːʒʊəl] • unaccustomed [ˈʌnəˈkʌstəmd]

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53
Q

ne pas avoir l’habitude de qqch. / de faire qqch.

A

to be unaccustomed to sth / to do sth

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54
Q

se débarrasser d’une habitude

A

to break* a habit • to shake* off a habit

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55
Q

rare

A

rare [rɛəʳ]

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56
Q

rarement

A

rarely [ˈrɛəlɪ] • seldom [ˈseldəm]

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57
Q

nouveau, inédit

A

new [njuː]

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58
Q

exceptionnel

A

exceptional [ɪkˈsepʃənl]

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59
Q

c’est du jamais vu

A

it’s unheard of

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60
Q

pratiquement jamais, pour ainsi dire jamais

A

hardly ever • almost never

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61
Q

spécial

A

special [ˈspeʃəl]

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62
Q

remarquable

A

remarkable [rɪˈmɑːkəbl]

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63
Q

extraordinaire

A

extraordinary [ɪksˈtrɔːdnrɪ]

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64
Q

original

A

original [əˈrɪdʒɪnl]

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65
Q

l’originalité

A

originality [əˌrɪdʒɪˈnælɪtɪ]

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66
Q

insolite

A

out-of-the-ordinary

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67
Q

curieux

A

curious [ˈkjʊərɪəs]

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68
Q

bizarre

A

peculiar [pɪˈkjuːlɪəʳ] • odd [ɒd]

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69
Q

étrange

A

strange [streɪndʒ]

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70
Q

anormal

A

abnormal [æbˈnɔːməl]

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71
Q

déviant

A

deviant [ˈdiːvɪənt]

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72
Q

la déviance de

A

deviance from [ˈdiːvɪəns]

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73
Q

une cause de

A

a cause of [kɔːz]

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74
Q

être la cause de qqch.

A

to be the cause of sth

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75
Q

causer qqch.

A

to cause sth

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76
Q

la raison de qqch. / de faire qqch.

A

the reason for sth / doing sth [ˈriːzn]

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77
Q

donner à qqn une raison pour qqch. / pour faire qqch.

A

to give* sb cause for sth / for doing sth

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78
Q

constituer une raison pour

A

to be grounds for • to be a reason for

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79
Q

parce que

A

because [bɪˈkɒz]

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80
Q

à cause de

A

because of

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81
Q

mener à qqch., conduire à qqch.

A

to lead* to sth

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82
Q

conduire qqn à faire qqch.

A

to lead* sb to do sth

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83
Q

amener qqn à faire qqch.

A

to cause sb to do sth

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84
Q

pousser qqn à faire

A

to impel sb to do sth

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85
Q

inciter qqn à faire

A

to incite sb to do sth

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86
Q

l’incitation à

A

incitement to [ɪnˈsaɪtmənt]

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87
Q

contribuer à qqch.

A

to contribute to(wards) sth

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88
Q

promouvoir qqch.

A

to promote sth

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89
Q

l’origine

A

the origin [ˈɒrɪdʒɪn]

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90
Q

avoir pour origine

A

to originate in

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91
Q

la source

A

the source [sɔːs]

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92
Q

impliquer

A

to involve [ɪnˈvɒlv] • to entail [ɪnˈteɪl]

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93
Q

être responsable de

A

to be responsible for

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94
Q

provoquer qqch.

A

to bring* sth about • to produce sth • to provoke sth

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95
Q

déclencher qqch.

A

to prompt sth • to trigger sth

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96
Q

une conséquence

A

a consequence [ˈkɒnsɪkwəns]

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97
Q

en conséquence

A

in consequence

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98
Q

en conséquence de

A

as a consequence of • in consequence of

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99
Q

par conséquent

A

consequently [ˈkɒnsɪkwəntlɪ] • as a result

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100
Q

par suite de

A

as a result of

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101
Q

résulter de

A

to result from • to arise* from

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102
Q

découler de, s’ensuivre de

A

to follow from

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103
Q

un effet

A

an effect [ɪˈfekt]

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104
Q

avoir un effet sur

A

to have an effect on

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105
Q

avoir pour effet de faire

A

to have the effect of doing

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106
Q

un effet secondaire

A

a side effect • a by-product [bɑɪˈprɒdʌkt]

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107
Q

les répercussions of

A

the aftermath of [ˈɑːftəˌmɑːθ] (sing.)

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108
Q

les suites

A

the consequences [ˈkɒnsɪkwənsɪz] • the aftereffects [ˈɑːftərɪˌfekts]

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109
Q

le résultat, l’issue

A

the outcome [ˈaʊtkʌm]

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110
Q

un résultat

A

a result [rɪˈzʌlt]

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111
Q

le résultat final de

A

the end result of

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112
Q

aboutir à

A

to result in

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113
Q

bref, il en a résulté que…

A

the upshot was …

114
Q

d’où

A

hence [hens]

115
Q

donc

A

therefore [ˈðɛəfɔːʳ]

116
Q

par hasard(1)

A

by chance • by accident

117
Q

comme par hasard

A

as luck would have it

118
Q

faire qqch. par hasard

A

to chance to do sth

119
Q

c’était vraiment par hasard

A

it was pure chance

120
Q

au hasard (prendre, choisir)

A

at random

121
Q

une sélection faite au hasard

A

a random selection

122
Q

il s’est trouvé que j’étais là (par hasard)

A

I happened to be there

123
Q

ne rien laisser au hasard

A

to leave* nothing to chance

124
Q

à tout hasard

A

just in case

125
Q

tirer au sort

A

to draw* lots

126
Q

ce n’est qu’une question de chance

A

it’s the luck of the draw

127
Q

une coïncidence

A

a coincidence [kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns]

128
Q

par coïncidence

A

by coincidence

129
Q

coïncider avec

A

to coincide with [ˌkəʊɪnˈsaɪd]

130
Q

tomber sur (personne, document)

A

to come* across • to come* upon

131
Q

tomber par hasard sur

A

to chance upon

132
Q

accidentel

A

accidental [ˌæksɪˈdentl]

133
Q

(fait) au petit bonheur, fait au hasard

A

haphazard [ˌhæpˈhæzəd]

134
Q

fortuit

A

fortuitous [fɔːˈtjuːɪtəs]

135
Q

une rencontre / découverte fortuite

A

a chance meeting / discovery

136
Q

opportun

A

opportune [ˈɒpətjuːn]

137
Q

inopportun

A

inopportune [ɪnˈɒpətjuːn]

138
Q

la chance

A

(good) luck

139
Q

un coup de chance

A

a stroke of luck

140
Q

par chance

A

luckily [ˈlʌkɪlɪ]

141
Q

Bonne chance !

A

Good luck!

142
Q

avoir de la chance, être chanceux

A

to be lucky • to be fortunate

143
Q

si tu as la chance d’y aller

A

if you’re lucky enough to go there • if you’re fortunate enough to go there

144
Q

c’est une chance que…

A

it’s lucky that … • it’s fortunate that …

145
Q

de bon augure

A

auspicious [ɔːsˈpɪʃəs]

146
Q

un porte-bonheur

A

a lucky charm

147
Q

la malchance

A

bad luck • ill luck • misfortune [mɪsˈfɔːtʃən] (soutenu)

148
Q

il a eu la malchance de faire…

A

it was just his luck to do … • it was his misfortune to do …

149
Q

malchanceux

A

unlucky [ʌnˈlʌkɪ]

150
Q

Pas de chance !

A

Bad luck! • Hard luck! • Tough luck! (parlé)

151
Q

malencontreux

A

unfortunate [ʌnˈfɔːtʃnɪt]

152
Q

de mauvais augure

A

ominous [ˈɒmɪnəs]

153
Q

faire contre mauvaise fortune bon cœur

A

to put* a brave face on it

154
Q

C’est la vie !

A

That’s life! • That’s the way things are! • [AM] That’s the way the cookie crumbles! (parlé)

155
Q

le destin

A

destiny [ˈdestɪnɪ]

156
Q

être destiné à faire qqch.

A

to be destined to do sth

157
Q

le sort

A

fate [feɪt]

158
Q

le destin / le sort a voulu que…

A

it was her destiny / fate to …

159
Q

la fortune, le hasard

A

fortune [ˈfɔːtʃən]

160
Q

une occasion, une opportunité

A

an opportunity [ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪtɪ]

161
Q

avoir l’occasion de faire qqch.

A

to have the opportunity of doing sth • to have the chance to do sth

162
Q

donner à qqn l’occasion de faire qqch.

A

to give* sb the opportunity of doing sth • to give* sb the chance to do sth

163
Q

profiter de l’occasion pour faire qqch.

A

to take* the opportunity to do sth • to take* the opportunity of doing sth

164
Q

saisir l’occasion de qqch.

A

to seize the opportunity of sth • to seize the chance of sth

165
Q

avoir des chances de faire / de qqch.

A

to stand* a chance of doing / of sth

166
Q

il y a une petite chance pour que…

A

there’s a slight chance that …

167
Q

au cas où…

A

in case … • on the off-chance that …

168
Q

j’ai sauté sur l’occasion

A

I jumped at the opportunity

169
Q

possible

A

possible [ˈpɒsəbl]

170
Q

il est possible de faire / que

A

it is possible to do / that

171
Q

une possibilité

A

a possibility [ˌpɒsəˈbɪlɪtɪ]

172
Q

il se peut (bien) qu’il le fasse

A

he may (well) do it

173
Q

il se pourrait qu’il le fasse

A

he might do it

174
Q

peut-être

A

perhaps [pəˈhæps] • possibly [ˈpɒsəblɪ] • maybe [ˈmeɪbiː]

175
Q

probable

A

probable [ˈprɒbəbl] • likely [ˈlaɪklɪ]

176
Q

il est probable que

A

it is probable that • it is likely that • the chances are that

177
Q

probablement

A

probably [ˈprɒbəblɪ]

178
Q

une probabilité

A

a probability [ˌprɒbəˈbɪlɪtɪ]

179
Q

la probabilité

A

likelihood [ˈlaɪklɪhʊd]

180
Q

selon toute probabilité, il a été perdu

A

in all likelihood, it’s been lost • in all probability it’s been lost • the chances are that it’s been lost

181
Q

concevable

A

conceivable [kənˈsiːvəbl]

182
Q

facultatif

A

optional [ˈɒpʃənl]

183
Q

faisable, réalisable

A

feasible [ˈfiːzəbl]

184
Q

la faisabilité

A

feasibility [ˌfiːzəˈbɪlɪtɪ]

185
Q

viable

A

viable [ˈvaɪəbl]

186
Q

la viabilité

A

viability [ˌvaɪəˈbɪlɪtɪ]

187
Q

potentiel

A

potential [pəˈtenʃəl]

188
Q

éventuel

A

possible [ˈpɒsəbl]

189
Q

éventuellement(1)

A

possibly [ˈpɒsəblɪ]

190
Q

improbable

A

improbable [ɪmˈprɒbəbl] • unlikely [ʌnˈlaɪklɪ]

191
Q

dans le cas peu probable où…

A

in the unlikely event that …

192
Q

l’improbabilité

A

improbability [ɪmˌprɒbəˈbɪlɪtɪ]

193
Q

impossible

A

impossible [ɪmˈpɒsəbl]

194
Q

il est impossible de faire / que

A

it is impossible to do / that

195
Q

il nous est impossible de le faire

A

it is impossible for us to do it

196
Q

nécessaire

A

necessary [ˈnesɪsərɪ]

197
Q

il est nécessaire de

A

it is necessary to

198
Q

nécessairement

A

necessarily [ˈnesɪsərɪlɪ]

199
Q

la nécessité

A

necessity [nɪˈsesɪtɪ]

200
Q

nécessiter qqch.

A

to necessitate sth

201
Q

indispensable

A

indispensable [ˌɪndɪsˈpensəbl]

202
Q

essentiel

A

essential [ɪˈsenʃəl]

203
Q

impératif

A

imperative [ɪmˈperətɪv]

204
Q

obligatoire

A

obligatory [ɒˈblɪgətərɪ] • compulsory [kəmˈpʌlsərɪ]

205
Q

une obligation

A

an obligation [ˌɒblɪˈgeɪʃən]

206
Q

je me vois dans l’obligation de…

A

I find myself forced to …

207
Q

être obligé de faire

A

to be obliged to do • to have to do

208
Q

il faut que tu le fasses, tu dois le faire

A

you have got to do it

209
Q

il faut (absolument) que tu le fasses, tu dois le faire

A

you must do it

210
Q

vous n’êtes pas obligé de le faire

A

you don’t have to do it • you’re not obliged to do it

211
Q

il ne faut pas que vous le fassiez

A

you must not do it

212
Q

inutile, superflu

A

unnecessary [ʌnˈnesɪsərɪ]

213
Q

il n’est pas nécessaire qu’il vienne

A

it’s unnecessary for him to come

214
Q

As-tu besoin d’y aller ?, Es-tu obligé d’y aller ?

A

Need you go? • Do you need to go?

215
Q

vous n’avez pas besoin de le faire, vous n’êtes pas obligé de le faire

A

you needn’t do it • you don’t need to do it

216
Q

ce n’est pas nécessairement le cas

A

that needn’t be the case

217
Q

on n’y peut rien

A

it can’t be helped

218
Q

la certitude et l’incertitude

A

certainty and uncertainty

219
Q

certain

A

certain [ˈsɜːtən]

220
Q

être certain de qqch. / que

A

to be certain about sth / that • to be positive about sth / that

221
Q

sûr

A

sure [ʃʊəʳ]

222
Q

sûrement

A

surely [ˈʃʊəlɪ]

223
Q

bien sûr

A

of course

224
Q

sans doute

A

doubtless [ˈdaʊtlɪs] • no doubt

225
Q

sans aucun doute

A

undoubtedly [ʌnˈdaʊtɪdlɪ]

226
Q

indéniable, incontestable

A

undeniable [ˌʌndɪˈnaɪəbl]

227
Q

infaillible

A

infallible [ɪnˈfæləbl]

228
Q

inévitable

A

unavoidable [ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbl] • inevitable [ɪnˈevɪtəbl]

229
Q

garantir qqch. / que

A

to guarantee sth / that

230
Q

assurer qqn de qqch. / que

A

to assure sb of sth / that

231
Q

s’assurer de qqch. / que

A

to make* certain of sth / that • to make* sure of sth / that

232
Q

être assuré de qqch.

A

to be assured of sth

233
Q

être convaincu de qqch. / que

A

to be convinced of sth / that

234
Q

une conviction

A

a conviction [kənˈvɪkʃən] • a firm belief

235
Q

j’en ai la conviction

A

I’m convinced of it

236
Q

considérer qqch. comme allant de soi

A

to take* sth for granted

237
Q

il va sans dire que…

A

it goes* without saying that …

238
Q

je te parie tout ce que tu veux que…

A

you can bet your life that … (parlé) • [AM] you can bet your bottom dollar that … (parlé)

239
Q

il est indéniable que…

A

it is undeniable that … • there is no gainsaying that …

240
Q

jurer que

A

to swear* that

241
Q

j’aurais juré que…

A

I could swear that … • I could have sworn that …

242
Q

j’en mettrais ma main au feu

A

I would stake my life on it

243
Q

il va certainement refuser

A

he is certain to refuse • he is sure to refuse

244
Q

il va certainement pleuvoir

A

it is certain to rain • it is sure to rain

245
Q

ça devait arriver

A

it was bound to happen

246
Q

incertain (fait, succès)

A

uncertain [ʌnˈsɜːtn] • doubtful [ˈdaʊtfʊl]

247
Q

incertain de

A

uncertain about • unsure about [ˈʌnˈʃʊəʳ]

248
Q

l’incertitude

A

uncertainty [ʌnˈsɜːtntɪ]

249
Q

le doute

A

doubt [daʊt] • dubiety [djuːˈbaɪətɪ] (soutenu)

250
Q

avoir des doutes sur qqch.

A

to have doubts about • to have misgivings about • to be dubious about

251
Q

être dans le doute à propos de

A

to be in doubt about • to be doubtful about

252
Q

mettre qqch. en doute

A

to cast* doubt on sth • to question sth

253
Q

émettre des doutes sur

A

to express one’s doubts about

254
Q

être assailli de doutes quant à

A

to be assailed by doubts about

255
Q

être saisi de doutes quant à

A

to be stricken with doubts about (soutenu)

256
Q

douter de qqch. / qqn

A

to doubt sth / sb

257
Q

douter que

A

to doubt if • to doubt whether

258
Q

dubitatif

A

doubtful [ˈdaʊtfʊl] • dubious [ˈdjuːbɪəs]

259
Q

douteux (propreté, mœurs)

A

doubtful • dubious

260
Q

le soupçon

A

suspicion [səsˈpɪʃən]

261
Q

faire l’objet de soupçons

A

to be under suspicion

262
Q

soupçonner qqch. / qqn de qqch.

A

to suspect sth / sb of sth

263
Q

soupçonneux

A

suspicious [səsˈpɪʃəs]

264
Q

la suspicion

A

suspiciousness [səsˈpɪʃəsnɪs]

265
Q

suspect

A

suspicious

266
Q

louche (passé, individu)

A

shady [ˈʃeɪdɪ]

267
Q

mettre en question les motifs / intentions de qqn

A

to query sb’s motives / intentions

268
Q

émettre des réserves sur qqch. / qqn

A

to express reservations about sth / sb

269
Q

se demander si

A

to wonder whether • to wonder if

270
Q

je n’en croyais pas mes yeux

A

I couldn’t believe my eyes

271
Q

sceptique

A

[BR] sceptical [ˈskeptɪkl] • [AM] skeptical

272
Q

un(e) sceptique

A

[BR] a sceptic [ˈskeptɪk] • [AM] a skeptic

273
Q

le scepticisme

A

[BR] scepticism [ˈskeptɪsɪzəm] • [AM] skepticism

274
Q

cynique

A

cynical [ˈsɪnɪkəl]

275
Q

un(e) cynique

A

a cynic [ˈsɪnɪk]

276
Q

le cynisme

A

cynicism [ˈsɪnɪsɪzəm]

277
Q

J’en doute fort !

A

I have my doubts!

278
Q

on ne sait pas exactement ce qui s’est produit

A

there is some doubt about what actually happened

279
Q

je ne peux rien affirmer

A

I cannot say for certain • I cannot say for sure

280
Q

il est permis de douter

A

there is room for doubt

281
Q

il est hors de doute que…

A

nobody doubts that … • there can be no doubt that …

282
Q

sans doute va-t-il refuser / arriver

A

no doubt he will refuse / arrive