Research design Flashcards
When is the carryover effect an issue?
When two or more levels of an independent variable are applied to the same subjects.
When is statistical regression an issue?
When a group or groups have been selected because of their extreme status on the dependent variable or a related variable.
When is selection a problem in a study?
It is a problem between groups when subjects cannot be randomly assigned to different groups.
What is the biggest threat to internal validity on a before-and-after comparison of a single group study?
History – the intervention to or an external event that occurred at about the same time that an intervention was applied.
What is autocorrelation?
The correlation between measurements of the dependent variable when the dependent variable is repeatedly administered to the same subjects.
What is a “mixed standards scale”?
It includes a number of items that describe either good, average, or poor performance and require the rate to rate the ratee on each item as either +, 0, or -. It is non-hierarchical, and thus attempts to overcome halo, leniency, and similar rater biases.
What does criterion contamination do to the correlation coefficient?
It artificially increases it.
What is criterion contamination?
When a rater’s knowledge of the ratee’s predictor scores affect his / her ratings of the ratee on the criterion measure. It creates an artificially strong relationship.
What is the standard error of measurement?
It is needed to determine a confidence interval around an obtained test score. It is calculated from the test’s standard deviation and reliability coefficient.
What is the standard error of estimate?
It is used to construct a confidence interval around a predicted criterion score.
