Learning Flashcards
What is a schema?
A group or cluster of knowledge about an object or event.
What is sensory memory for sound called?
Echoic memory
What is sensory memory for vision called?
Iconic memory.
What is escape conditioning?
A type of negative reinforcement in which a behavior occurs because it allows the individual to escape an undesirable stimulus or event.
What is avoidance conditioning?
A type of negative reinforcement which involves presenting a cue that signals that an undesirable event is about to occur so that the individual can avoid the undesirable event by engaging in the target behavior as soon as the cue is presented.
What is retrograde amnesia?
Amensia which extends backwards to before the traumatic event causing amnesia occured (you forget past experiences).
What is anterograde amnesia?
Amnesia which starts from a time of trauma and extends forward into new experiences (you can’t make new memories).
What is proactive inhibition?
When previous learning interferes with new learning.
What is retroactive inhibition?
When new learning interferes with previous learning.
What is habituation?
A decrease in response strength due to repeated stimulation.
What is satiation?
It occurs when a physiological need has been met, resulting in a decreased desire for that reinforcement. For example, if you’re full, you won’t want to eat more.
What is extinction?
In operant learning, it involves eliminating reinforcement that previously followed a response. In classical conditioning, it refers to the presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus.
What is primary memory?
A term coined by William James; it is now known as “short-term memory.”
What is secondary memory?
A term coined by William James; it is now known as “long-term memory.”
How did William James refer to short term memory?
Primary memory.
