Lifespan / developmental

Question 1

True or false: the age of disclosure is approximately the same for gays and lesbians.

Answer 1

True.

Question 2

True or false: the age of initial same-sex contact is the same for gays and lesbians.

Answer 2

False. It is lower for gay men than for lesbians.

Question 3

Of the four domains in intelligence testing, what is the most stable over the lifespan?

Answer 3

Verbal comprehension is most stable, followed by working memory, perceptual organization, and then processing speed.

Question 4

Is stranger anxiety considered a normal part of development or not?

Answer 4

Yes, it is. It is no longer viewed as a sign of secure vs. insecure attachment.

Question 5

Will a baby show signs of stranger anxiety of the stranger approaches very quietly or very loudly?

Answer 5

Yes – both will trigger the baby.

Question 6

Who created “scaffolding”?

Answer 6

Vygosky

Question 7

What is scaffolding?

Answer 7

When an adult or more experienced child provides instruction in the child’s “zone of proximal development.” For example, having a more experienced child help another child acquire more skills at school.

Question 8

What are idiolects?

Answer 8

Unique words sometimes invented by children (and occasionally adults), like “thing-a-majig.”

Question 9

What is overextention in language development?

Answer 9

When a child uses a specific word to mean something more general, such as the word “hat” meaning anything put on the head, or “doggie” for any animal.

Question 10

What is holophrastic speech?

Answer 10

The use of a single word to convey an entire idea or sentence, like “Cookie!” or “Up!”

Question 11

What is telegraphic speech?

Answer 11

The use of two words to convey an idea or sentence (e.g. “See doggy,” “big ball,” or “More cookie.”

Question 12

What are the language abilities of a child at about 12 months of age?

Answer 12

They can produce 3-4 words and understand about 30-40 words.

Question 13

What are the language abilities of a child at about 14 months of age?

Answer 13

They understand between 50-100 words, with even the slowest 25% knowing 20-50 words.

Question 14

What are the language abilities of a child at about 18 months of age?

Answer 14

They can produce 25-50 words and understand hundreds.

Question 15

At what age does telegraphic speech begin?

Answer 15

18 to 24 months.

Question 16

What is a locutionary act?

Answer 16

According to speech act theory, it is an utterance of a meaningful sentence or statement, the act of saying something.

Question 17

What is a perlocutionary act?

Answer 17

According to speech act theory, it seeks to change behavior. IT is the effect of what was said on the listener or speech acts that have an effect on the feelings, thoughts, or actions of either then speaker or the listener.

Question 18

What is an illocutionary act?

Answer 18

According to speech act theory, it intends to communicate. It is the way in which something is said.

Question 19

What is a prepositional act in speech act theory?

Answer 19

It is somehting referenced, but no communication may be intended.

Question 20

Is anorexia linked to:

a) High levels of serotonin
b) Low levels of serotonin
c) Low levels of tryptophan
d) Low levels of serotonin and tryptophan

Answer 20

A - high levels of serotoning High levels of serotonin have been linked to both apetite suppression and anxiety.

Low levels have been linked to depression and binge eating.

Research proposes that anxiety is caused by high levels of serotonin and individuals with anorexia temporarily relieve anxiety through starvation which reduces tryptophan, which then reduces the level of serotonin. The lowered serotonin fosters a sense of calm and personal control.

Question 21

What neurotransmitters are related to bulimia?

Answer 21

Low levels of serotonin are believed to precipicate binge eating in bulimia, as sweets and carbohydrates increase serotonin and elevate mood.