EPPP - from practice tests

Question 1

Encoding specificity

Answer 1

Ensuring that the same cues are present whe information is encoded and retrieved

Question 2

Overlearning

Answer 2

Practicing a new skill past the point of mastery

Question 3

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 3

Relating new information to previously acquired information

Question 4

Type I error

Answer 4

Incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis

Question 5

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 5

Disorder of neuromusclar transmission; unknown cause. Apears to involve inhibition of nerve action potentials as a result of presynaptic abnormality or postsynaptic sensitivity.

Question 6

Cerebral palsy

Answer 6

Grou pf motor disorders resulting from brain lesions that may cayse persistent, nonprogressive motor dysfunction. Cause can be prenatal (e.g. heredity, anotix, or metabolic disturbance), natal (e.g. anoxia or trauma) or postnatal (e.g. trauma, infection, toxic poisoning).

Question 7

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 7

Extrapyramical disease that affects the control of voluntary movements; is believed to be due to a lack of dopamine in the basal ganglia.

Question 8

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 8

A genetically-transmitted disorder that affects exocrine gland functioning

Question 9

Serial position effect

Answer 9

The tendency to forget items in the middle of a list

Question 10

Treatment areas addressed in interpersonal therapy for depression

Answer 10

Grief
Interpersonal role disputes
Role transition
Interpersonal deficits

Question 11

Hiskey-Nebraska test

Answer 11

IQ test for deaf children aged 3 to 16

Question 12

Pruritus

Answer 12

Itching

Question 13

Expectancy theory - 3 types of beliefs contributing to motivation

Answer 13

Expectancy
Instrumentality
Valence - the value of available outcomes to the individual

Question 14

Alcohol-induced sleep disorder - symptoms per DSM-IV-TR

Answer 14

Typically occurs as the insomnia type, per DSM-IV-TR. Initially produces sleepiness, followed by insomnia, restless sleep, and increased REM sleep, often with vivid, anxiety-laden dreams. The diagnosis requires that the sleep disturbance be etiologically related to alcohol intoxication or withdrawal.

Question 15

Centration

Answer 15

In Piaget’s theory of development – the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation or object while ignoring all other aspects. In the preoperational stage, severe limitations (including centration) underlie the child’s inability to conserve.

Question 16

Decentration

Answer 16

In Piaget’s theory of development — the ability to consider more than one dimension or aspect at a time. It is characteristic of the concrete operational stage.

Question 17

2 types of processing in Luria’s model of intelligence

Answer 17

Sequential and simultaneous

Question 18

Type I schizophrenia - definition by Crow

Answer 18

Prominent positive symptomes; involves dopamine abnormalities

Question 19

Type II schizophrenia - definition by Crow

Answer 19

Prominent negative symptoms; due to cortical atrophy

Question 20

Estimated prevalence of schizophrenia

Answer 20

0.5 to 1%

Question 21

Causes of learned helplessness depression

Answer 21

Internal stable, global attributions, especially of negative events

Question 22

4 process steps of Freudian psychoanalysis

Answer 22

Clarification
Confrontation
Interpretation
Working through

Question 23

High context cultures

Answer 23

Place greater emphasis on non-verbal forms of communication and rely on meanings that are shared by members of the group

Question 24

Core link between depression and suicide, per Aaron Beck

Answer 24

Feelings of Hopelessness

Question 25

Learned Helplessness - person associated with it

Answer 25

Seligman

Question 26

Parents who are punitive but reward good behavior and praise and approval produce what kind of children?

Answer 26

Ones who have an indiscriminant need for social approval

Question 27

Parents who are inconsistent and contradictory in their control produce what type of children?

Answer 27

Anxious and ambivalent children.

Question 28

Parents who are overprotective produce what kind of children?

Answer 28

Weak, inept, or dependent.

Question 29

Parents who consistently use punitive, repressive methods of control produce what kind of children?

Answer 29

Socially withdrawn or hostile and rebellious

Question 30

Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal

Answer 30

Tremor, nausea and vomiting, autonomic hyperactivity, depressed mood and irritability, transient illusions and hallucinations, and insomnia.

Question 31

Symptoms of caffeine intoxication

Answer 31

Restlessness, psychomotor agitation, flushed face, diuresis (excessive urine production), rambling speech, and muscle twitching

Question 32

Symptoms of cocaine intoxication

Answer 32

Euphoria, grandiosity, hypervigilance, impaired judgment, rambling and incoherent speech, perspiration, chills, and visual or tactile hallucinations

Question 33

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Answer 33

Weight loss, increased appetite, intolerance to heat, tremors, and a rapid heart rate. It is an endocrine disorder

Question 34

Arbitration (as opposed to mediation or fact-finding)

Answer 34

The arbitrator considered the preferences of all involved parties but his / her decision or problem solution is binding

Question 35

Mediation (as opposed to arbitration or fact finding)

Answer 35

A neutral third party (the mediator) uses various tactics to facilitate voluntary agreement between disputants. Mediators can make recommendations, but they have no formal power and cannot impose their solution or decision.

Question 36

Fact-finding (as opposed to mediation or arbitration)

Answer 36

The fact-finder makes a formal recommendation following a review of the facts.

Question 37

Age at which the neural mechanism requires for long-term memory recall undergo significant development

Answer 37

6-12 months. E.g. a baby of that age can remember imitation tasks, such as imitating a sequence of events such as removing a mitten from a puppet, shaking the mitten, and then replacing the mitten on the puppet

Question 38

Differential reinforcement

Answer 38

It involves reducing an UNDESIRABLE self-reinforcing behavior by providing a reinforcer after each predefined interval of time that an indiidual does not engage in the problem behavior, but instead engages in other behaviors. e.g. have a child stop sucking its thumb by rewarding it with a quarter for playing with other toys every hour if the kid doesn’t suck its thumb.

Question 39

Areas of the brain affected by Huntington’s Chorea

Answer 39

Caudate nucleus and putamen – parts of the basal ganglia

Question 40

Escape conditioning

Answer 40

Negative reinforcement

Question 41

Age at which a child is physically ready for toilet training

Answer 41

20 to 24 months

Question 42

Age at which “stranger anxiety” begins in children

Answer 42

6 to 8 months

Question 43

Major symptom which oppositional defiant disorder is missing

Answer 43

Physical aggression; if a child had that, they would most likely be diagnosed with conduct disorder

Question 44

The neurotransmitters mediating the pleasurable effects of cocaine

Answer 44

Dopamine and seratonin

Question 45

Zeigarnik effect

Answer 45

The tendency to remember interrupted or uncompleted tasks better than completed ones.

Question 46

Major characteristic differentiating dementia from pseudodementia

Answer 46

In pseudodementia, the person exaggerates their cognitive problems, while in dementia the person tends to deny or minimize them.

Question 47

Object relations term: Reparation

Answer 47

An infant’s attempts to repair a damaged mother image

Question 48

Object relations term: splitting

Answer 48

The process of keeping good and bad parts of an object and oneself separate

Question 49

Object relations term: Projective identification

Answer 49

Projecting feelings onto objects and then identifying with the object

Question 50

Object relations term: Introjection

Answer 50

The assimilation of parts of an object as part of oneself. With “good” objects, it is used to reduce anxiety. With “bad” objects, it is a way to gain control over them.

Question 51

Marlatt and Gordon’s research: what accounts for 3/4ths of relapses in addictive and other problem behaviors?

Answer 51

Negative emotional states, interpersonal conflicts, and social pressure