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Year 1 > T cells > Flashcards

T cells Flashcards

1
Q

T lymphocyte involved in effector function

A

cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc)

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2
Q

T lymphocyte involved in regulatory immune function

A

Helper T cells (Th cells)

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3
Q

How T cells react with antigen

A

T cell Receptor (TcR) - present on T cell membrane surface, derived from bone marrow

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4
Q

CD4+

  • expressed by what cell
  • interacts with which MHC
  • binds with which region of MHC
A
  • coreceptor on Th cells
  • MHCII
  • beta 2 domain of MHCII
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5
Q

CD3

  • expressed by which cells
  • important
A

both Tc and Th cells

important for clonal expansion

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6
Q

How B cells react with antigen

A

immunoglobulins

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7
Q

TcR look structurally similar to

A

FAB region on antibody where antigen binds

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8
Q

Two major types of CD4+

A

Th1, Th2

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9
Q

This specific type of cell modulates phagocytic cell and inflammatory reactions

A

Th1

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10
Q

This specific type of cell produce factors that help stimulate B cells to differentiate into plasma cells

A

Th2

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11
Q

TcR recognize what complex

A

MHCII with a bound processed peptidal antigen on an APC

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12
Q

Rearrangement of T cell receptors occur at this site

A

Thymus (arise in bone marrow, mature in thymus)

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13
Q

Which step of rearrangement/mode of diversity is NOT present in T cells?

A

Somatic hypermutation - only in B cells

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14
Q

TcR structure. Which part is equivalent to the heavy chain?

A

Valpha Vbeta
Calpha Cbeta

beta is like heavy chain

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15
Q

Which part of TcR structure will undergo rearrangement first?

A

Variable beta chain rearranges first, then produces alpha chain which will undergo VJ rearrangement like light chain

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16
Q

What is the signal that induces Th cell to become a Th1 cell?

A

IL-12 released from professional APC

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17
Q

Signature cytokine of Th1

A

interferon gama

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18
Q

After Th cell binds to profession APC, explain in 3 steps how it matures to Th1 cell

A

professional APC releases IL-12
induces Th to become Th1 cell
Th1 will release interferon gamma

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19
Q

Function of interferon gamma

A

professional APC (like macrophages) increase production of oxidative species = BETTER KILLER

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20
Q

Important property of interferon gamma

A

class switch factor. tells B cells to produce IgG for opsonization

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21
Q

When would you develop a Th1?

A

To produce IgG when macrophage wants to opsonize

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22
Q

Explain in 3 steps how Th2 cell develops

A
  1. Macrophage does NOT release IL-12
  2. Th cell will produce IL-4, feeds back on to itself
  3. Converts Th cell to Th2
23
Q

IL-4

A

Th2

24
Q

Il-12

A

Th1

25
Q

Il-4 is a class switch factor for

A

IgE

26
Q

Why would you develop Th2?

A

To produce IgE, might be more important for parasitic infection, wont ingest it to destroy it

27
Q

receptor for HIV

A

CD4+

28
Q

Marker expressed on Tc cells

A

CD8+

29
Q

CD8+

  • expressed by what cell
  • interacts with which MHC
  • binds with which region of MHC
A
  • Tc cel
  • MHCI
  • alpha 3
30
Q

A second receptor on T cells encoded from distinct family of genes but with structurally similar polypeptide chains

A

gamma and delta

31
Q

When does Tcell activation occur?

A

When TcR of T cell has engaged processed antigen in context of an MHC on APC

32
Q

Birthplace of T cells

A

bone marrow

33
Q

thymocyte

A

maturing T cell in thymus

34
Q

Maturation steps of Thymus

A

DN>DP>SP>PS>NS

35
Q

Enters thymus as double negative through which region of thymus?

A

Cortical region

36
Q

Double negative

A

CD4- CD8- TcR- CD3-

37
Q

T cells undergo beta and alpha chain rearrangement in this region

A

cortical region (first step)

38
Q

Transitions from double negative to double positive in this region

A

From cortical region on way to cortico-medullary junction

39
Q

This part of TcR undergoes VDJ rearrangement

A

beta genes

40
Q

Once beta chain is complete, a small portion migrates to cell membrane via this structure to trigger allelic exclusion

A

Surrogate alpha chain

41
Q

This part of TcR undergoes VJ rearrangement

A

alpha gene

42
Q

T cells reacts with these to become single positive

A

MHCI and MHCII

43
Q

MHC in thymus react with

A

SELF MADE antigens

44
Q

Presents peptides from all over by inducing tissue specific genes

A

Auto immune regulator element (AIRE)

45
Q

After surviving positive and negative selection, T cells leave through this region of thymus

A

Medulla

46
Q

Fate for cells that don’t pass the selection tests in thymus or see antigen

A

apoptosis

47
Q

Percentage of T cells that survive the selection test in thymus

A

5%

48
Q

These cells exress MHCI and II for purpose of single positive

A

Thymic epithelial cells

49
Q

This part of selection ensures Tcell wont engage its own MHC once released

A

negative selection

50
Q

process becoming either a CD4+ OR a CD8+ based on interaction with specific MHC

A

positive selection

51
Q

This enzyme is not present in T cells so that hypermutation does not occur

A

AID (activation induced cytodine deaminase)

52
Q

Occurs by genetic recombination of constant (C) gene segments to synthesize Ig isotypes

A

Ig class switching

53
Q

Occurs by genetic recombination of constant (C) gene segments to synthesize Ig isotypes

A

Ig class switching

Year 1 (48 decks)

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