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RUSVM Bacteriology > Fun-guys > Flashcards

Fun-guys Flashcards

1
Q

Where are fungi found

A

Ubiquitous in environment; decay, mold

Skin and mucous membranes: host adapted or contaminants from environment

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2
Q

What are characteristics of fungi?

A

Eukaryotes
Free living

Saphophytes (majority)
Heterotrophs (obtain carbon by consuming organisms)

Asexual reproduction, buddin through spores

Cell membrane contains terrors (ergosterol)

Plant like cell wall with gucan, mannan, and chitin

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3
Q

A unicellular mold is called

A

Yeast

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4
Q

Multicellular fungis are called

A

Molds

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5
Q

What are the fruiting bodies of a mold

A

Spores

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6
Q

Group of tangled hyphae is called

A

Mycelium

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7
Q

Morphology of yeast

A

Colony - opaque creamy smooth

Microscopic - round single cells

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8
Q

Morphology of molds

A

Colony- woolly, fluffy, powdery

Micro- tube like multicellular structures forming mycelium

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9
Q

Dimorphic fungus morphology

A

Both opaque and smooth colonies or woolly-fuffly

Yeast or hyphae depending on temp

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10
Q

The growing form of the fungus is

A

Hyphae

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11
Q

Dark pigmented hyphae are called?

A

Dematiaceous fungus

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12
Q

Non pigmented fungus is called

A

Hyaline

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13
Q

A hyphae that is divided by cell walls is called

A

Septate

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14
Q

__________ is when fungal contamination or growth on food material leads to accumulation of toxins and when consumed willl induce disease

A

Mycotoxicoses

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15
Q

__________ is when fungal spores are inhaled and induce hypersensitivity

A

Allergy

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16
Q

Environmental fungal organisms infects who mainly?

A

Immunocompromised

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17
Q

T/F: fungal infections usually induce chronic granulomatous infection

A

True

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18
Q

Superficial fungal infections are limited to?

A

Outermost layers of skin and hair

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19
Q

Cutaneous fungal infections are localized where?

A

Deeper into epidermis and are invasive to hair and nails

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20
Q

Why do we have few antimicrobial agents to treat fungus?

A

Fungus is eukaryotic, usually anything that targets them will also target the host –> need to find very specific targets

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21
Q

Subcutaneous fungal infections are localized where?

A

Dermis, and subcutaneous tissue , muscle and fascia

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22
Q

__________ fungal infections usually originate in the lungs but spread to many other organisms

A

Systemic

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23
Q

What are ways to diagnose fungal disease

A

Morphological recognition
-cytology, histopatholgoy, wet mount

Clinical specimens
-Beta D-glucan assay (general component of cell wall)

Host immune resposne
-agar gel immunodiffusion, ELISA

Culture and ID

PCR

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24
Q

What sp most commonly get crytococcus infection

A

Cats
Minnie mitten
Simon Norman

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25
Q

What is the routine stain used for histopathology of fungus

A

H and E

Yes or no there is a fungus

26
Q

What is used to find ringworm ?

A

KOH on hair

27
Q

Chitin is stained by ?

A

Calcoflour -> need UV microscope

28
Q

How do you culture fungus

A

Special medial and growth cond

Low temp under aerobic conditions
Fungal medial
Sabouraud dextrose agar (classic fungal medium)
Sabouraud dextrose with cyclohesimide -> inhibit saprophytic mold -> see only pathogenic fungi

Low pH

29
Q

How are fungus identified

A 
Growth characteriris 
Microscopic appearance 
Biochemical characteristic 
Hyphae characterisitic 
Type of asexual sporulation 
Characteristics of spores
30
Q

What is the main antifungal drug we use ?

A

Polyenes - inhibit ergosterol

Amphoterocin B

31
Q

Griseofluvin has antifungal activity by inhibiting what?

A

Mitotic spindles -> mitosis
Accumulate in keratin layer -> for ringworm (dermatophytosis)
Oral

32
Q

Polymers, anoles, and allylamines all inhibit__________

A

Ergosterol

33
Q

Antifungal susceptibility tests

A

Broth dilution
Disk diffusion

Few labs
Interpretive breakpoints for only a few drugs

34
Q

Most fungal lesions are ???

A

Granulomatous

35
Q

What immune reponse does the host produce against fungus?

A

Extracellular - Ab (usually not productive)

Intracellular -cell mediated

Most fungus are extracellular but can invade macrophages

36
Q

What are dermatophytes?

A 
Superficial mycosis (ringworm or tinea) 
Keratinotrophic
37
Q

Are dermatophytes invasive?

A

Generally noninvasive, superficial infection

38
Q

Who is predisposed to dermatophytosis?

A 
Youth 
Poor nutrition 
High humidity 
Rubbing 
Low UV light (fall/winter in cattle)

Highly contagious!

39
Q

T/F: dermatophytes are zoonotic

A

True

40
Q

What are the common dermatophytes ?

A 
Microsporum canis, M.audouinii, M.gypsium (dog, cat, human) 
Microsporum nanum (pig) 
Trichophyton mentarrophytes (broad host range) 
Trichophyton verrucosum (cattle) 
Trichophyton equinum (horses)
41
Q

What is ringworm? And what are the classic lesions?

A

A non-invasive benign infection that is highly contagious caused by dermatophytes

Slowly expanding circular area of alopecia and desquamated epithelium
Central hair regrowth, inflamed edge. Opens multiple sized lesions

42
Q

Trichophyton verrucosum causes _________ in what species

A

Ringworm ; cattle

43
Q

Ringworm in cats and dogs are usually caused by what dermatophytes?

A

Microsporum canis

Microsporum gypsium

44
Q

What dermatophytes has a wide host range?

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

45
Q

___________________ is a nodular lesion caused by dermatophytes, which is a localized/generalized folliculitis

A

Kerion

46
Q

_____________ is a subcutaneous nodule caused by microsporum canis

A

Pesudomycetoma

47
Q

How is ringworm diagnosed?

A

Clinical species ID

Woods lamp detection -> fluorescence (M. Canis)

Wet mount with 10% KOH -> see spores (ectothrix or endothrix for species ID)

48
Q

How should you collect a sample for testing dermatophytosis?

A

Disinfect the area with 70% alcohol
Use forceps for hair
Scalpel blades for tissue
Curette for nails

Clean pill pack or small container with loose cap (decrease

Culture media-> directly inoculated

49
Q

What stain do you use for dermatophytes?

A

Lectophenol cotton blue staining

50
Q

T/F: fungi are always multicellular

A

False

51
Q

What causes avian ringworm?

A

Microsporum gallinae (favus)

Yeast - unicellular
Mold- multicellular

52
Q

How do you treat ringworm?

A 
Spontaneous recovery 
Hygiene, environmental treatment 
Isolation 
Clip hair 
Wash/sprays - lime sulfur, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine

Azol (ketoconazole, itraconzole, miconazole ect..)

Natamycin
Terbinafine
Grisofluvin

53
Q

Mycolic acid is found in _________

A

Mycobacterium

54
Q

What is the MOA of Griseofulvin and what is the ONLY fungal infection that they treat?

A

Accumulate in keratinocytes and inhibits fungal DNA synthesis

Dermatophytes

55
Q

Are vaccines available for ringworm?

A

Yes in Cat and Cow!

56
Q

Ketoconazole is and enzyme (inducer/inhibitor). What might this mean for other drugs

A

Inhibitor.
Prolonged half life..

What a pharmacology question in the mycology course? how dare you!

57
Q

What are the three groups of dermatophytes?

A

Anthropophilic- human reservoir
Zoophilic -animal reservoir
Geopolitical- soil/environment reservoir

58
Q

Folliculitis can be a non-classic lesion of ringworm in dogs, these can b due to secondary infections.. what is most likely the bacteria?

A 
Streptococcus pseudintermedius 
#tbt
59
Q

T/F: woods lamp only is effective to find one species of dermatophytes?

A

True

Mycosporum canis

60
Q

Who is the asymptomatic carrier of microsporum canis

A

Kitty kitty cat

Now you cant keep your Baileys with your Simons and Minnies…

RUSVM Bacteriology (7 decks)

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