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NPLEX I > Chamberlain Review > Flashcards

Chamberlain Review Flashcards

1
Q

At which spinal level does the spinal cord end? The dural sac?

A

L2

S2

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2
Q

What happens to the notochord in the adult? What happens to the neural tube?

A

Nucleus pulposus of disc

Becomes the ventricles and central canal of spinal cord.

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3
Q

The neural crest cells go on to form what?

A

The peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

What are the muscles supplied by the radial nerve? (BEST)

A

Brachioradialis (perfect for holding beer), extensors, supinators, triceps

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5
Q

The radius articulates with which carpal bones?

A

Scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum

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6
Q

What are the landmarks of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Extensor pollicis longus and brevis

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7
Q

What are the muscles supplied by median nerve? (L(L)OAF)

A

Lumbricals 1 & 2 (LL)
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

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8
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand: All for one and one for all.

A

Thenar: Abductor pollicis longus, Flexor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis, Adductor pollicis brevis

Hypothenar: Opponens digit minimi, flexor digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi

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9
Q

Where does flexor digitorum superficialis (middle layer) and flexor digitorum profundus (deep layer) insert?

A

Superficialis, splits and inserts on middle phalanges

Profundus, inserts in distal phalanges (deep layer)

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10
Q

Insertions on the extensor side of the hand begin where?

A

At the MCP, the extensor expansion

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11
Q

Name the condition: Chronic irritation causes a nodule to form along the flexor tendons preventing smooth action of the tendon and may lock finger in flexed position.

A

Trigger finger

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12
Q

Name the condition: lost extensor connection to distal phalanx, can’t extend distal phalanx

A

Mallet deformity

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13
Q

What do the the palmar and dorsal interossei do?

A

PAD

DAP

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14
Q

Name the hand deformity for the lesion:
Radial n.
Ulnar n.
Median n.

A

Drop
Claw
Ape hand/Apostol - loss of flexion of metacarpal 1,2,3, weak flexion of 4, 5, can’t bring thumb and pinky to touch.

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15
Q

Name the hand fracture:
FOOSH on extended hand
FOOSH on flexed hand

A

Colle’s - dinner fork deformity

Smith’s

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16
Q

The neural crest cells go on to form what structures?

A 
CAlifornia MOTEL PASS:
Craniofacial structures
Arachnoid, pia
Melanocytes
Odontoblasts
Tracheal cartilage
Enterochromaffin cells - Adrenal medulla
Laryngeal cartilage
Parafollicular C cells/Pseudounipolar cells
All ganglia
Schwann cells
Spiral septum -Aorticopulmonary septum
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17
Q

Describe the SSX of neurofibromatosis type 1.

A

Cafe au lait, iris pigmentation (lisch nodules), neurofibromas

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18
Q

The alar (sensory) plate becomes the _____ horn. The basal (motor) plate becomes the ____ horn.

A

dorsal

ventral

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19
Q

Remnants of Rathke’s pouch may give rise to what condition?

A

Craniopharyngioma

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20
Q 
What are the functions of the following areas of the nucleus:
Superchiasmatic
Paraventricular
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral 
Medial
A 
Circadian rhythm
Oxytocin release
Cooling (radiator)
Heating (exhaust)
Hunger (gas cap)
Satiety (gas tank)
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21
Q

MC form of spina bifida.

A

Occulta - hair

Spinous process terminates at a higher level.

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22
Q

What maternal serum level is elevated with neural tube defects?

A

Alpha-feto protein

23
Q 
Know the ossification ages: (Every potential anatomist should know when)
Elbow
Pelvis, Ankle
Shoulder, Knee
Wrist
A

16
17
18
19

24
Q

Branchial plexus runs from what vertebral levels?

A

C5-T1

25
Q

What n. innervates supra and infra spinatus?

A

Suprascapular n.

26
Q

What is the first branch off of the aorta?

A

Coronary arteries

27
Q

Which side is the brachiocelphalic?

A

Right.

ABCS - Aortic arch gives Brachiocephalic trunk, Common Carotid, Subclavian

28
Q

What do the following give rise to:
Pharyngeal groove 1
1st Arch

A

External auditory meatus - you hear groovy music

Maxilla/mandible

29
Q

Which pharyngeal pouches give rise to:
Inferior parathyroid glands and thymus
Superior parathyroid glands

A

3

4

30
Q

Name the rotator cuff muscles (SITS).

A

Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Supraspinatus

31
Q

What nerve innervates the serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic n.

32
Q

What nerve innervates levator scapulae, rhomboid major/minor?

A

Dorsal scapular n.

33
Q

What nerve innervates supra and infra spinatus?

A

Suprascapular n.

34
Q 
Name the CN assoc with the pharyngeal arch: 
1
2
3
4
5
A 
CN V
CN VII
CN IX 
CN X
Redundant CN X
35
Q

What nerve innervates teres major and subscapularis?

A

Subscapular n.
Lower - teres
Upper - subscapularis

36
Q

What nerve innervates deltoid and teres minor?

A

Axillary n.

37
Q

What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal n.

38
Q

Name the proximal attachments of the deltoid?

A

CLASP
Clavical
Acromion
Spine of scapula

39
Q

What conditions occurs when the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches fail to form?

A

DiGeorge Syndrome - no thymus, parathyroid glands

40
Q

SSX of acute endocarditis: SPACE

A

Subcutaneous nodules, pancarditis, arthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum.

ASO titer

41
Q

Where do the following bifurcations occur:
Common Carotid
Trachea
Aorta

A

C4
T4
L4

42
Q

Accessory respiratory muscles:

A

SCM
Scalene
Pec minor

43
Q

Superior mediastinum contents: PVT Left BATTLE

A 
Phrenic nerve
Vagus nerve
Thoracic duct
Left recurrent laryngeal n. (voice)
Brachiocephalic veins
Aortic arch
Thymus
Trachea 
Lymph Nodes
Esophagus
44
Q

Posterior mediastinum contents: DATES

A 
Desceding aorta 
Azygos and hemiazygous veins
Thoracic duct
Esophagus 
Sympathetic trunk/ganglia
45
Q

Anterior mediastinum contents:

A

Thymus

46
Q

BROAD ligament contents

A 
Bundle (Ovarian neurovascular bundle)
Round ligament
Ovarian ligament
Artefacts (vestigial structures)
Duct (oviduct)
47
Q

The crura of the diaphragm comes from what?

A

Dorsal mesentery of the esophagus

48
Q

The septum transversum becomes what?

A

Central tendon of the diaphragm

49
Q

What nerve roots supply the diaphragm?

A

C3, C4, C5

50
Q 
Name the embryological remnant of the: 
Umbilical vein
Ductus venosus
Ductus arteriosus
Foramen ovale
A

Ligamentum teres
Ligamentum venosum
Ligamentum arteriosum
Fossa ovale

51
Q

What infection in pregancy is associated with patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Rubella virus

52
Q

MC cause of obstruction under 2yr? Currant stool jelly?

A

Intussusception

53
Q

What two tissues are involved in Meckel’s diverticulum? M/F? How far from ileoceccal valve?

A

Supplied by omphalomesenteric artery (a remnant of the vitelline artery).

2% (of the population)
2 feet (proximal to the ileocecal valve)
2 inches (in length)
2 types of common ectopic tissue (gastric and pancreatic)
2 years is the most common age at clinical presentation
2:1 male:female ratio

NPLEX I (12 decks)

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