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NPLEX I > Anderson Repro > Flashcards

Anderson Repro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the remnant of the uterus in a male?

A

Utricle

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2
Q

What are the three part of the urethra?

A

Bladder/trigone - internal urethral meatus, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra

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3
Q

T/F: Corpus spongiosum and glans are the same tissue.

A

T

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4
Q

What converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone(DHT)?

A

5alpha-reductase (requires NADPH)

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5
Q

What cell is affected by LH? What cell is affected by FSH?

A

LH - Leydig cell - produce testosterone

FSH - Sertoli cell - maintain seminiferous epithelium

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6
Q

T/F: DHT is responsible for external genitalia maturation at puberty.

A

T

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7
Q

MC cause of urethritis

A

GC

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8
Q

Cryptorchidism increases the risk for ____________.

A

Infertility and testicular cancer

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9
Q 
Name the swelling: 
scrotal varicosity, bag of worms 
accumulation of serous fluid, transillum
blood in scrotal sac, dt trauma, does not transillum
m/c tumor with cryptorchidism
A

varicocele
hydrocele
hematocele/torsion
seminoma

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10
Q

What types of HPV are assoc with cervical cancer?

A

16, 18 and 31, 33

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11
Q

Painless bleeding after intercourse is an indicator for what condition.

A

Squamous cell cervical cancer

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12
Q

Name the hormone:
Trophic to endometrium
Maintains endometrium

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

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13
Q

MC tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma/Fibroid

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14
Q

MC invasive cancer of female tract

A

Uterine adenocarcinoma - postmenopausal women starts bleeding

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15
Q

Androgen excess, young women, menstrual disorder, infertility, string of pearls sign, hirsuitism

A

PCOS

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16
Q

What are SSX of ovarian cancer? What marker is seen in 80% of cases?

A

Asymptomatic or GI sx

CA-125

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17
Q

What converts testosterone to estradiol?

A

aromatase - high levels in ovaries

18
Q

T/F: Progesterone is not thermogenic.

A

F - it is.

19
Q

Fibrocystic breast dz vs. Fibroadenoma of the breast

A

Adenoma - mc benign tumor

20
Q

Where does end of the maturation for the sperm occur?

A

Epididymis

21
Q

How many meiotic divisions does sperm go through before fertilization? oocyte?

A

2
1

The last one occurs at fertilization.

22
Q

How many sperm are yielded from one spermatocyte?

A

4

23
Q

Put the fertilization steps in order: Morula, blastocyst, zygote.

A

Zygote - morula - blastocyst

24
Q 
Name the location: 
Site of fertilization, become zygote 
Becomes morula 
Free blastocyst 
Blastocyst attaches
A

Ampulla
Uterine tube
Uterus
Superior/posterior uterine wall (day 20 of cycle)

25
Q

What occurs during gastrulation?

A

Formation of the germ layers.

26
Q

What comes out of these germ layers:
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

A

Nervous system, sensory apparatus, epidermis, appendages, post pit, adrenal medulla, mammary glands

Connective tissues, muscle, heart, blood, lymph, kidney, ovaries, spleen, adrenal cortex

Internal epithelial (gastro/resp), tonsils, thyroid, epithelial lining of bladder, urethra, auditory tube, liver, thymus

27
Q 
Name the germ layer: 
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla 
Ant pit
Post pit
A

Meso
Ecto
Meso
Ecto

28
Q

What does not cross the placenta easily?

A

AA (some T3, T4 passes) and drugs with AA related structure

29
Q

The anterior pituitary produces ________ while the post pituitary produces _______ during lactation.

A

Prolactin

Oxytocin

30
Q

T/F: hCG is highest in early pregnancy and then tapers off.

A

T

31
Q 
Name the organ that is sensitive during pregnancy period: 
Weeks 3-38
Weeks 4-8
Weeks 7-38
Weeks 4-16 
Weeks 3-8 
Weeks 7-9 
Weeks 4-38
A 
CNS 
Upper and lower limbs 
Teeth, external genitalia 
Ears
Heart
Palate
Eyes
32
Q

Purine bases:

Pyrimidine bases:

A

Adenine, guanine

Uracil, thymine, cytosine

33
Q

Bases for DNA:

Bases for RNA:

A

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Adenine uracil, guanine, cytosine

34
Q

Nucleosides vs nucleotides

A

Sides- purines/pyrimidines linked to pentose sugar

Tides- phosphates of the nucleoside

35
Q

What is the most important substrate used in purine biosynthesis? What part of pyrimidine synthesis is it required for?

A

FOLATE

Thymine synthesis

36
Q

What is uric acid made from? What is the enzyme?

A

Xanthine

Xanthine oxidase

37
Q

T/F: New DNA is formed in a 5’-3’ direction.

A

T

38
Q

What connects the DNA pieces and what are they called?

A

DNA ligase

Okazaki fragments

39
Q

What is the job of tRNA?

A

Brings in amino acids and translate mRNA into a protein.

40
Q

Name the karyotype abnormality:
XXY, hypogonadic, gynecomastia
XO - menopause before mearche, “streak ovaries”
47 chromosomes

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Down syndrome

41
Q

How are mitochondrial DNA disorders passed down?

A

Through ova because they carry the mitochondria.

NPLEX I (12 decks)

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