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High Resolution > Lesson 3C (Part 2) > Flashcards

Lesson 3C (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

FCC

A

Fibrocystic Change

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2
Q

What is the most common benign diffuse breast condition?

A

Fibrocystic Change

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of FCC? (3)

A
  1. Breast tenderness
  2. Fullness
  3. Nodularity
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4
Q

What age group does FCC typically occur in?

A

35-50

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5
Q

How does FCC appear on US? (2)

A
  1. Multiple cysts of varying sizes in both breasts

2. Fibroglandular tissue

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6
Q

Fibroglandular tissue

A

Basket weave appearance with ductal prominence

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7
Q

What is related to FCC?

A

Simple cysts

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8
Q

What are simple cysts a result from?

A

Dilatation and effacement of the terminal duct lobular unit

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of breast lumps for 35-50 year old women?

A

Simple cysts

- single or multiple

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10
Q

How can a cysts be classified as simple?

A

It must satisfy all the sonographic criteria set forth

  • anechoic
  • well circumscribed
  • thin echogenic capsule
  • increased through-transmission
  • thin edge shadows
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11
Q

What happens once a mass meets all the criteria for a simple cyst?

A

It is classified as BI-RADS 2

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12
Q

What is considered to be a complicated cyst?

A

A cyst that meets all the criteria of a simple cyst except that it contains low-level internal echoes or fluid–fluid or fluid–debris levels that can shift with changes in the patient’s position

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13
Q

What are causes of internal echoes? (6)

A
  1. Cell debris
  2. Protein
  3. Cholesterol
  4. Blood
  5. WBCs
  6. Epithelial cells
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14
Q

Complex cysts

A

A cyst with thick walls or some discrete solid component

- eg) septa greater than 0.5 mm thick or mural nodules

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15
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for a cyst with a mural nodule? (4)

A
  1. intracystic papilloma
  2. Atypical ductal hyperplasia
  3. Ductal carcinoma in situ
  4. Papillary carcinoma
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16
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for a complex cyst? (5)

A
  1. Hematoma
  2. Fat necrosis
  3. Abscess
  4. Galactocele
  5. Necrotic neoplasm
17
Q

What kind of cyst is it if it is mobile?

A

Complicated cyst

18
Q

What kind of cyst is it if it is not mobile?

A

Fixed cyst

19
Q

What is the most common benign mass to develop in a lactating patient?

A

Galactocele

20
Q

Where does galactocele form from?

A

The accumulation of milk distal to an obstruction in the terminal ductal unit

21
Q

How does galactocele appear on the US? (2)

A
  1. Round or oval circumscribed mass

2. Uni or multi lobular

22
Q

What determines the mammographic and sonographic appearances for galactocele?

A

The age of the milk products contained in the galactocele

23
Q

What happens as the age of the milk products contained in the galactocele ages?

A

The cyst increases in complexity

24
Q

What do complex cysts develop? (2)

A
  1. Echogenic foci
    - due to separation of the fat components
  2. Fat–fluid levels with the echogenic component layering in the nondependent portion
25
Q

What happens when the milk curdles in a galactocele?

A

Leads to the development of a solid component within the cyst
- appearing as a solid echogenic mass

26
Q

What can galactocele become?

A

Lipid (oil) cysts

27
Q

Sebaceous cysts

A

Small, benign skin appendage masses that result from obstructed sebaceous glands

28
Q

Where are sebaceous cysts located?

A

Inferior or medial margins of breast or near axilla

29
Q

What is the shape and margins of a sebaceous cysts? (2)

A
  1. Shape = round or oval

2. Margin = smooth with thin wall circumscribed margins

30
Q

What is the echogenicity of sebaceous cysts? (3)

A
  1. Anechoic
  2. Internal echoes
  3. Fluid fat levels
31
Q

What are 2 sonographic appearances of sebaceous cysts?

A
  1. Focal skin thickening
  2. Clawlike appearance
    - cyst projects into subcutaneous fat

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