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High Resolution > Lesson 3A (Part 4) > Flashcards

Lesson 3A (Part 4) Flashcards

1
Q

SCF

A

Subcutaneous fat

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2
Q

CL

A

Coopers ligament

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3
Q

FGT

A

Fibrglandular tissue

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4
Q

RMF

A

Retro mammary fat

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5
Q

PM

A

Pectoralis muscle

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6
Q

What does normal lactating breast tissue have?

A

Prominent fluid filled ducts and their echogenic epithelial lining is readily visible

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7
Q

What is the key area to scan because you typically find cancer here?

A

Tail of spence

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8
Q

What quadrant is the most common pace for cancer in the breast?

A

Upper outer quadrant

- 50%

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9
Q

What kind of frequency transducer do you use for breast?

A

8-15 MHz

- wide footprint probe

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10
Q

When do you use lower frequency transducer? (3)

A
  1. Larger attenuative breasts
  2. Inflammatory masses
  3. Axilla
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11
Q

What kind of technique can you use for scanning the nipple, superficial/or skin lesions?

A

Stand off

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12
Q

What kind of doppler is used for assessing vascularity of lesions? (2)

A
  1. Low PRF

2. Spectral doppler

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13
Q

How should mammary fat appear sonographically?

A

Medium gray

- from the overlying fascia to the retromammary space

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14
Q

What should patient history include for scanning the breast? (12)

A
  1. Family history
  2. Age
  3. Previous mammograms
  4. Parity
  5. Masses
  6. Gravida
  7. Scars
  8. Aborta
  9. Skin changes
  10. Medications
    - hormones
  11. Nipple discharge
  12. Surgeries of the breast
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15
Q

What position do you scan your patient when doing an exam for the breast? (2)

A
  1. Supine

2. Ipsilateral arm over the patients head

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16
Q

When do you increase the transducer pressure when scanning the breast? (2)

A
  1. Greater penetration

2. Scanning the subareolar region

17
Q

What are 4 techniques when scanning the breast?

A
  1. Maximize tissue thinness
  2. Reduce reflective and refractive attenuation
  3. Maintain ultrasound transducer parallel to breast surface
  4. Maintain ultrasound beam perpendicular to breast tissue
18
Q

What can a shadow be caused by the breast?

A

The erection of the nipple

19
Q

How can you decrease the shadow caused by the nipple? (3)

A
  1. Apply more pressure
  2. Use more gel
  3. Scan the nipple area obliquely
20
Q

What is the benefit for scanning the nipple region obliquely? (3)

A
  1. Reduces the shadowing
  2. Avoids the need for a standoff pad
  3. Provides adequate visualization of the anatomy posterior to the nipple
21
Q

Palpable nodule

A

Is a pea or bee-bee sized, then it is very small and near the skin

22
Q

Whats the best way to visualize a palpable nodule?

A

Use a 1 cm standoff pad or a large “glop” of gel in order to move the elevation plane focus closer to the skin

23
Q

What is the most common scanning technique for the breast?

A

Initially scan using the grid scanning pattern, followed by a radial (clock face) technique for the hard copy imaging

24
Q

How do you scan the breast in a grid pattern? (4)

A
  1. Begin in the upper outer quadrant, scanning in transverse
    - slide inferiorly from top to bottom
  2. Move across and repeat the sweep inferior to superior
  3. Repeat this across the breast
  4. Rotate into a sagittal plane and repeat the pattern
25
Q

What is the number one modality for examining the breast?

A

Mammogram

- US helps confirm it

26
Q

When do you use US instead of mammography? (4)

A
  1. Below age 40
  2. Pregnant or lactating
  3. Someone who is young
  4. Males
27
Q

How does cartilage appear on US?

A

More hypoechoic

28
Q

How does bone appear on US?

A

More echoic

29
Q

What kind of vascularity should there be in a lactating breast?

A

None

30
Q

How is the breast scan described as?

A

A clock face

- begin at 12 o’clock in a sagittal plane with the toe of the probe at the nipple

High Resolution (37 decks)

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