Liver Flashcards

1
Q

What is the liver involved in

A
Metabolism
Protein synthesis
Inactivation of hormones and drugs
Excretion of waste
Production of bile
Production of clotting factors
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2
Q

What are liver cells called and what do they do

A

Hepatocytes and they produce bile

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3
Q

What does bile contain

A

Lipid emulsifiers which help break down fat waste products including bile pigments

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4
Q

Where is bile stored

A

The gall bladder

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5
Q

What effect does CCK have on the gall bladder

A

Causes it to release more bile

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6
Q

What does the hepatic portal vein do

A

Drains blood from GI tract and other unpaired abdominal organs and takes them to the liver for processing

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7
Q

What are the two sources of liver blood supply

A

Hepatic artery

Hepatic portal vein

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8
Q

What diseases affect the liver

A
Hepatomegaly - gets bigger
Cirrhosis - gets smaller
Viral hepatitis
Obstructive jaundice
Hepatic carcinoma
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9
Q

What are the lobes of the liver called

A

Left lobe
Right proper lobe
Caudate lobe
Quadrate lobe

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10
Q

What does the hepatic artery do

A

Carries oxygenated blood to the hepatocytes

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11
Q

What is the duct that comes from the gall bladder

A

Cystic duct

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12
Q

What are gall stones

A

Crystalline bodies made of cholesterol or bilirubin and calcium salts

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13
Q

Where does the blood of the hepatic portal vein come from

A

The GI tract

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14
Q

What is portal hypertension

A

Increase in blood pressure in the liver

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15
Q

Why is portal hypertension dangerous

A

Can result in raised pressure in the oesophageal and gastric vessels which may rupture resulting in haematemesis

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16
Q

Where does the arterial supply of the liver arise from

A

Coeliac trunk

17
Q

Where do the hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and common hepatic duct leave

A

The porta hepatis

18
Q

What does the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct join to form

A

The common bile duct

19
Q

What joins with the common bile duct to form the major duodenal papilla

A

The pancreatic duct

20
Q

What controls the release of the major duodenal papilla

A

Sphincter of Oddi

21
Q

What do sinusoids do

A

Type of capillary

Receives blood from terminal branch of hepatic artery and portal vein

22
Q

What does the common hepatic duct join with to form the common bile duct

A

Cystic duct

23
Q

What is the bile pigment called

A

Bilirubin

24
Q

Where do the sinusoids drain blood to

A

The hepatic vein

25
Q

What is the portal triad made up of

A

Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein
Bile duct