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POLI 244 > Democratic Peace Theorem > Flashcards

Democratic Peace Theorem Flashcards

1
Q

Who are the Democratic Peace theorists we studied?

A

Maoz and Russett

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2
Q

What event ‘proved’ the democratic peace theorem?

A

end of the cold war showed that democracy was superior, former communist countries became democracies

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3
Q

What happens if enough states become democracies?

A

there is a possibility of reconstructing the norms and rules of the international system to reflect those of democracies

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4
Q

realism says democratic peace theorem is _______

A

“utopian”

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5
Q

What are the two parts to the democratic peace theorem according to Maoz and Russett?

A
  1. Democracies are as likely as anyone else to go to war
  2. Over the last two centuries, democracies have rarely fought one another and have virtually never fought one another in a full-scale war
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6
Q

What are the two assumptions of the normative model?

A
  1. democracies will behave in the world because as they do at home; used solving issues through democratic principles; live and let live; compromise instead of eliminating an opponent
  2. democratic norms leave you vulnerable in the international system
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7
Q

in non-democracies struggles tend to be ______

A

zero-sum

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8
Q

in democracies, there is an opportunity for a _____ sum game

A

positive

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9
Q

in the international system democracies are forced to play by what kind of rules?

A

dog-eat-dog rules

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10
Q

The normative model argues that if states can _______, then we can change the world

A

learn behaviour

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11
Q

Norms adopted domestically are also reflected in ________

A

foreign policy

“live and let live”

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12
Q

If the norms model is true, it would be possible to move towards _________

A

greater global harmony

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13
Q

Why can’t democracy go to war as easily as authoritarians?

A
  • it needs support of public opinion, legislature, bureaucracies, interest groups and in their eyes there are few justifications for war (usually a matter of national survival)
  • authoritarians don’t need domestic population’s support
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14
Q

What other factor stops democracies from going to war?

A

it takes democracies more time to prepare for war, allowing more time to solve the problem by diplomacy

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15
Q

How are nondemocracies able to go to war relatively easily?

A
  • can launch war with the little regard for public opinion or due political process
  • elites in a democracy may benefit from war, they might choose it as a strategy
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16
Q

Maoz and Russett are that global democratization may _______ that arise out of ________

A

carry long-term prospects of international stability that arises out of popular control of governments and of norms of peaceful resolution of political conflicts associated with democratic political systems

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17
Q

In what way does democratic peace reinforce liberalism?

A

-bottom-up

major features of the international system are influenced by smaller players

18
Q

as democracy spreads so could their ______ at the international level

A

norms

19
Q

What is the ‘base criteria’ for democracies?

A
  • relatively free and fair elections every 4-6 years

- two relatively free and fair elections in a row

20
Q

describe global order post WW2

A
  • former axis powers West Germany and Japan became key military allies and trading partners for Western democracies
    • this is an example of states changing behavior and becoming democratic
  • NATO gathered Western countries into strategic alliance; founded 1949
  • Wester and central european countries, including former enemies, formed an economic alliance, the European Economic Community (EEC) founded 1957
21
Q

In what two periods was democracy spread/ “on the march”?

A

after WW2 and again after the Cold war

22
Q

What was founded after WW1 to increase global democratization and why?

A

league of nations by Woodrow Wilson

  • US perceived itself to be important and wanted to become more influential internationally
  • to prevent future wars
23
Q

democracy as _________ of communism during cold war

A

antithesis (because democracy was seen as superior)

24
Q

Other than to contain communism, what is an example of democracy being used to counteract an ideology?

A

post 9/11 as solution to extremism

democracy as an “antidote”

25
Q

Describe Condoleeza Rice and her influence in the Iraq invasion

A
  • Secretary of state for George W Bush’s government
  • thought democracy in Iraq would lead to more democracy in the region
  • wanted to invade Iraq, make it a democracy, gain an ally, which would lead to spread of democracy
  • on the idea that Middle East has no history of democracy: “If every action required a precedent, there would be no firsts”
  • said democracy in Iraq would succeed because “the basic human longing for liberty and democratic rights has transformed”
26
Q

What excuse did US use to invade Iraq?

A

nuclear weapons

27
Q

Why did US invade Iraq? (possible explanations)

A

-partially for oil
ongoing nature of empire finding new ways to assert itself (imperialism)
-removing Suddam Hussein and adding democracy would be good for foreign policy

28
Q

What events served as “vindication” of US invasion of Iraq

A

elections in 2005 and 2009 that were relatively free and fair with little corruption and women being able to vote

29
Q

Was the US “implementation” of democracy through force in Iraq successful?

A

No, there is still violence and persecution of Christians and women, the region is not more stable, the sectarian divisions are stronger

30
Q

What has happened with the new wave of democratization after the Cold War?

A
  • many of the newer “democracies” have slid back into authoritarianism
  • “grey zone” of democratization where the state isn’t authoritarian but it isn’t completely democratic either?
  • spectrum of democracy
31
Q

Do democratic peace theorists think we can escape the “grey zone” of democratization?

A

Yes

32
Q

Which scholars discuss the development of authoritarian tendencies?

A

hetherington and Suhay

33
Q

What are some authoritarian characteristics described by Hetherington and Suhay?

A

-submission to authority, conformity to conventional norms, aggression towards outgroups

34
Q

Authoritarian tendencies correlate with opposition to _________ and support for __________

A

opposition to illegal immigration and foreign aid

support for warrantless wiretapping

35
Q

When do “less authoritarian” people become more willing to restrict civil liberties?

A

when they perceive a terrorist threat

36
Q

do pro-authoritarians views on civil liberties change when their is a terrorist threat?

A

no

37
Q

average americans who perceive a terrorist threat are prone to _______

A

authoritarian thinking

38
Q

perceived threat can cause what?

A

anti-democratic tendencies

39
Q

Is the media biased in terms of terror-related events?

A

yes

40
Q

Politicians realized what about threats? What can this explain?

A

They can benefit from exaggerating threats/fear-mongering
-might explain why “the percentage of Americans who express the worry that they will be personally affected by terrorism has only declined slightly since 9/11”

41
Q

The DPT takes for granted that advanced industrialized democracies are ______, which might begin to enter phases of ________

A

assumed to be very stable, might enter into phases of extreme instability

42
Q

Why have rules of the democratic game recently come under attack and by who?

A

politicians competing for partisan advantage

POLI 244 (15 decks)

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