Common And Essential Neurosurgical Conditions

Question 1

Space occupying lesions present with?

Answer 1

Focaldeficits
Seizures
Raised intracranial

Question 2

Hydrocephalus presentation

Answer 2

Neonates+ infants
Increasing head circumference 
Full and tense Fontanelle
Dilated scalp veins 
Loss of upgaza vomiting drowsiness
Reduced conscious level

Question 3

Hydrocephalus investigation

Answer 3

Routine in US

Prior to investigations at least MRI

Question 4

Trauma?

Answer 4

Head injury is leading cause of death in under 45s

Up to half of trauma deaths are due to hls

Hls. Account for most cases of permanent disability after trauma

Question 5

Extramural haematoma is

Answer 5

Localised bleeding outside blood vessel above the dura

Question 6

Cause of extramural haematoma

Answer 6

Usually as a result of fractures and laceration of a Dural artery

Could also result from Venus sinus injury

Question 7

Subdural haematomas often due to?

Prognosis?

Answer 7

Below the dura
Often due to laceration of bringing veins or due to burst lobes

Worst prognosis as associated with underlying parenchyma injury

Question 8

Subdural haematoma

Answer 8

Same but below the dura

Question 9

Contusions are

Answer 9

Traumatic intracerebreal haematomas

Question 10

Multiple small contusions are one sign of

Answer 10

Diffuse atonal injury

Question 11

When diffuse injury is severe what happens

Answer 11

Increase in intracranial pressure occurs

Management is insertion of ICP probe to ensure best medical management

Question 12

How are tumours usually diagnosed h(was)

Answer 12

CT usually