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Globalisation 5 > Measuring Globalisation > Flashcards

Measuring Globalisation Flashcards

1
Q

Zambia:

  • 8th largest producer of raw and processed (1)
  • Landlocked so relies on (2) to access ports by (3)
  • 1860km railway named (4) developed using (5) investment and upgraded since 2000 causing an increase in exports by (6)
A
  • copper
  • political relations
  • rail
  • TamZam railway
  • Chinese
  • 2008
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2
Q

Zambia:

  • Benguela rail link carries copper to (1) by (2) investment
  • Zambia’s debt was reduced by (3)
  • (4) of FDI in copper industry
  • By 2014 (5) of adults could access the internet
A
  • Angolan coast
  • Chinese
  • Debt cancellation and privatisation
  • $20 billion
  • 23%
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3
Q

Tanzania:

  • Fertile (1) soil so (2) of working population in agriculture
  • Global overproduction of (3) so prices decreased
  • GDP fluctuates due to (4) as they are less able to (5)
A
  • volcanic
  • 80%
  • cotton
  • no guaranteed income
  • import goods
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4
Q

Tanzania:

  • (1) (HIPC) had many debts cancelled to invest in schools and health
  • Increasing (2) links
  • (3) of adults could access internet in 2014
A
  • Heavily Indebted Poor Countries
  • Investment
  • 26%
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5
Q

What three countries are affected most by poverty in the Sahel?

A

Chad, Mali and Burkino Faso

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6
Q

Why are Chad, Mali and Burkino Faso LEDCs? (5)

A
  • Poor management of natural resources
  • Availability of Human Resources dating back to colonial times
  • Lack coastline to attract FDI
  • Desertification
  • Extremist environments make infrastructure more expensive
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7
Q

Why are farmers part of the poverty problem in poor areas of the Sahel?

A
  • May become dependent on aid
  • Some grow cash crops for TNCs e.g. cotton in Mali but for poor wages so little spending power = not viable markets for investment = switched off from consumer networks
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8
Q

The Sahel:

  • Rapid economic growth in (1) provides hope
  • Mali’s (2) have large global interest on YouTube
  • Conflicts in the region involve links to (3) global terror network
A
  • Nigeria
  • folk musicians
  • Al Qaeda’s
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9
Q

Define a ‘switched on place’

A

Nations, regions or cities connected to other places through production and consumption of goods and services

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10
Q

Give two environmental reasons why a place may be switched on or off

A
  • vulnerable to climate change and natural hazards e.g. Philippines
  • poor resources for agriculture e.g. Eritrea
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11
Q

Give four economic reasons why a place may be switched on or off

A
  • controlled by TNCs due to old trade agreements e.g. Sierra Leone
  • low prices for food exports due to overproduction and trade rules e.g. Ethiopia
  • physical isolation and land locked location deters FDI e.g. Niger
  • Infighting over resources e.g. Sudan
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12
Q

Give four political reasons why may be why a place is switched on or off

A
  • Lack of skills and education deters TNCs e.g. Somalia
  • Political isolation e.g. North Korea
  • Resources controlled by small elite e.g. Zimbabwe
  • Ethnic clashes and civil war e.g. DR Congo
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13
Q

What can be used to measure globalisation? (4)

A

Flows
Media
Movements
Technologies

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14
Q

What is the scale, categories and weightings of the KOF index?

A

1-100 (most globalised)
Economic - 37%
Social - 39%
Political - 24%

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15
Q

What makes up the economic category of the KOF index?

A
  • Actual flows and restrictions
  • Cross border transactions
  • Volume of FDI
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16
Q

What makes up the social aspect of the KOF index?

A
  • Personal contact
  • Information flow
  • Cultural proximity
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17
Q

What makes up the political aspect of the KOF index?

A
  • Diffusion of gov policies
  • Membership of IGO
  • Number of foreign embassies
  • Participation in international treaties
18
Q

What are the four main indicators of the AT KEARNEY index?

A
  • Political engagement e.g. peacekeeping organisations
  • Technological activity e.g. internet users
  • Personal contact e.g. remittance payments
  • Economic integration e.g. FDI
19
Q

What makes the AT KEARNEY different from the KOF index?

A
  • Scale of 0-1 not 0-100
  • FDI and telephone traffic have double weighting
  • Covers 96% of global GDP
  • Covers 84% of global population
  • Only includes 64 countries
20
Q

Name three forms of globalisation

A

Economic
Cultural
Political

21
Q

What is the globalisation index?

A

Tracks and assess four components of global integration, in 2007 ranked 72 countries which covered 97% of the world’s GDP and 88% of population.

22
Q

What four components does the globalisation index include?

A
  • Economic integration from FDI, inflows and outflows and travel and tourism
  • Personal contact including remittances and international phone calls
  • Tech connectivity for the number of internet users
  • Political engagement in IGOs
23
Q

Name the first and last KOF countries in 2016

A

Netherlands 91.7

Puerto Rico 53.49

24
Q

Give some advantages of the KOF index

A
  • used since 1970
  • weighting system accounts for missing data and discrepancies
  • 24 variables
  • 158 countries
25
Q

Give some disadvantages of the KOF index

A
  • some countries shown as more globalised than they really are
  • Internet skews data
  • over represents small countries e.g. Belgium
  • informal economies and illegal migrants not accounted for
  • shared diplomatic offices not included
26
Q

Give two advantages of the Kearney index

A
  • 96% of GDP and 84% population

- comparison over time

27
Q

Give some disadvantages of the Kearney index

A
  • bias for small countries
  • smaller countries have greater need of FDI
  • only 64 countries included
  • no explanation for measurement of cultural trends
  • weightings not clear
28
Q

Give an example of economic globalisation

A

Flows of goods or trade

29
Q

Give an example of social globalisation

A

Spread of culture

30
Q

Give an example of political globalisation

A

Shared political ideas/ diplomatic offices

31
Q

Give an example of cultural globalisation

A

Chain restaurants

32
Q

Identify four of the main global flows

A

Goods/ capital
People
Technologies
Culture

33
Q

Name the three factors that have led to the expansion of TNCs

A

Motive
Means
Mobility

34
Q

Describe motive as a factor of expanding TNCs

A
  • Economies of scale
  • Capitalism
  • Horizontal integration (buying up the competition)
  • Vertical integration (owning every stage of production)
35
Q

Describe means as a way of expanding TNCs

A
  • Investing overseas

- Reverse colonialism

36
Q

Describe mobility as an expansion of TNCs

A
  • Cheaper transport costs
  • Bulk buying
  • Improved technology
37
Q

Name the top three outsourcing countries

A

India
Philippines
China

38
Q

Name three benefits of outsourcing and offshoring

A
  • Lower service costs due to lower wages
  • Tax incentives in SEZs
  • Larger talent pool and markets
39
Q

Name three disadvantages of outsourcing and offshoring

A
  • reduced customer services
  • cultural differences
  • communication problems e.g. time zones
40
Q

Define ‘glocalisation’

A

When a company restyles it’s products to suit local tastes

41
Q

Give an example of Disney glocalising

A

First global TNC to glocalise e.g. Mulan to enter Chinese market and Lion King for Africa

42
Q

How has McDonalds glocalised?

A

India - Maharaja Mac with lamb not beef
Israel - no cheeseburgers so kitchen remains kosher
Germany - sell beer
Japan - green tea shakes

Globalisation 5 (18 decks)

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