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Globalisation 5 > Time-space compression > Flashcards

Time-space compression Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the ‘shrinking world effect’

A

Travel times decreasing due to tech advancements so people begin to feel closer

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2
Q

Give an example of the shrinking world effect (travel times across the world)

A

1700 - HMS Dolphin - 2 years
1930 - Propellor aircraft - 8 days
1990 - Jet aircraft - 31 hours

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3
Q

Name five factors that have accelerated globalisation

A
  • TNCs
  • Computers and the internet
  • Lower transport cost
  • International organisations
  • New market
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4
Q

How do TNCs accelerate globalisation?

A
  • Exchanges raw materials, components, goods, shares and investment
  • Trading blocs
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5
Q

How do computers and the internet accelerate globalisation?

A
  • Social interconnectivity
  • 24hr reporting
  • Decreased import and export costs
  • Increased air pollution
  • Cheaper bulk moving
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6
Q

How do lower transport costs accelerate globalisation?

A
  • Extensive family networks causing multi-cultural societies
  • Unified global community
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7
Q

How do international organisations accelerate globalisation?

A
  • Old, local cultures merge with globalising influences
  • Interdependence
  • Cheaper workers abroad especially call centres
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8
Q

How do New markets accelerate globalisation?

A
  • Successful western influences
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9
Q

How have roads aided globalisation? Give an example

A
  • over 1bn cars in the world

- 1/4 million miles of roads in Britain alone

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10
Q

Give an example and explain how bridges have aided globalisation

A
  • Forthnanjing bridge, China
  • through mountains and above farmland
  • longest expansion bridge over river
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11
Q

How have containers aided globalisation?

A

Every year 16 million containers are used over 400bn miles
Makes items cheaper
Cost less than 1% of the price

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12
Q

How has air travel aided globalisation?

A

Ticket prices reducing and time-space compression

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13
Q

Give an example and explain how the channel tunnel has aided globalisation?

A

31.4 miles long
400 trains a day
54,000 tonnes of freight

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14
Q

Describe the London tube

A

Over 500 trains on 250 miles every day

1/6 Londoners

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15
Q

Name five important innovations in transport and trade

A
  • Steam power
  • Railways
  • Telephone and telegraph
  • Jet aircraft
  • Container shipping
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16
Q

Describe steam power

A

In the 1800s, Britain became the leading world power using steamships and trains to move goods and armies along trade routes into Asia and Africa

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17
Q

Describe railways

A

Railway networks expanded globally in the 1800s, by 1904, the 9000km Trans-Siberian railways connected Moscow with China and Japan. The proposed HS2 from London to the North is expected to halve journey times

18
Q

Describe telephone and telegraph

A

The first telegraph cables across the Atlantic in the 1860s replaced a three week boat journey. In parts of Africa where telephone lines were never placed, people are ‘jumping’ straight to mobile phone use

19
Q

Describe jet aircraft

A

The intercontinental Boeing 747 in the 1960s made air travel more accessible to more classes and recent expansion of cheap flights has brought it to the masses in richer nations

20
Q

Describe container shipping

A

Around 200 million individual container movements take place each year a.k.a ‘backbone of the ecnomy’ since the 1950s. The Chinese vessel ‘Cosco’ is 366m long, 48m wide and can carry 13,000 containers

21
Q

Describe early model filming cameras

A

Heavy, wooden and manually operated by rotating a rod that couldn’t pick up sound or colour, only cinemas could show film reels that could only last two minutes

22
Q

When was the first news TV broadcast

A

1936

23
Q

Name the two formats of filming

A

Mechanical spinning disc and electronic format

24
Q

When was the first successful bi-directional clear speech on the telephone?

A

1876

25
Q

When was the internet invented?

A

1969

26
Q

When was Skype founded?

A

2003

27
Q

Give two benefits and two problems of container ships

A

+ Bulk transportation reduces cost and fuel use
+ Shifted the balance of economic power from Europe to Asia
x Exploits cheap labour in Asia
x Dominated by a few shipping and delivery companies

28
Q

Give two benefits and two problems of e-tailing

A

+ Fast delivery times reduces cost for storage
+ Easier access to a global market
x Difficult for national governments to track sales to calculate business tax
x Overthrows local businesses and manufacturers

29
Q

Define a ‘throw-away society’

A

A human society that is strongly influenced by consumerism, a critical view of over-consumption and excessive production of short-lived or disposable items that increase waste

30
Q

Name two social impacts of E-tailing

A
  • Reduces local custom

- Exploits sweatshop workers

31
Q

Name two economic impacts of E-tailing

A
  • Reduces local economy

- Makes business tax hard to claim by governments

32
Q

Name an environmental impact of E-tailing

A
  • Land destroyed in LEDCs for storage and warehouse production (pollution)
33
Q

Define ‘economies of scale’

A

Items from e-tailers are cheaper due to bulk buying and lower operating costs

34
Q

Name five global flows and networks

A
  • Capital
  • Commodities
  • Information
  • Tourists
  • Migrants
35
Q

Describe capital as a global flow

A

At a global scale, major capital flows are routed daily through world stock markets, in 2013 this reached $5 trillion a day

36
Q

Describe commodity as a global flow

A

Valuable raw materials have always been traded but flows of manufactured goods has increased due to low production costs and low wage economies

37
Q

Describe information as a global flow

A

Real time communication allowing goods to be bought quickly but also an increase in social media with 1.74 billion facebook users in 2016

38
Q

Describe tourists as a global flow

A

Budget airlines have brought a ‘pleasure periphery’ with easy access in wealthy nations and emerging economies e.g. Africa’s FastJet

39
Q

Describe migrants as a global flow

A

Movement of people is the hardest due to immigration laws and so most governments have a ‘pick and mix’ attitudes towards global flow embracing trade but restricting migration

40
Q

What has been the result of the five major global flows?

A

Interdependency and connectivity

Globalisation 5 (18 decks)

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