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Veterinary Anatomy Final Topics > THRA.6 > Flashcards

THRA.6 Flashcards

1
Q

The caput of vertebrae are…

A

Convex

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2
Q

The fossa of the vertebrae are…

A

Concave

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3
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there in domestic animals?

A

7

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4
Q

3

A

Extremitas cranialis

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5
Q

9

A

Foramen vertebrale

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6
Q

6

A

Arcus vertebrae

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7
Q

7

A

Pediculus arcus vertebrae

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8
Q

8

A

Lamina arcus vertebrae

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9
Q

13

A

Incisura vertebralis cranialis

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10
Q

16

A
  • Sulcus nervi spinalis*
  • (Ø Eq/Ca)*
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11
Q

18

A

Processus transversus

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12
Q

20

A

Processus articularis cranialis

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13
Q

21

A

Processus articularis caudalis

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14
Q

25

A

Processus transversus

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15
Q

26

A

Tuberculum ventrale

(C3 - C5)

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16
Q

28

A

Foramen transversarium

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17
Q

29

A

Tuberculum dorsale

(C3 - C6)

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18
Q

12

A

Foramen intervertebrale

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19
Q

What does foramen vertebrale host?

A

Medulla spinalis

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20
Q

At what point is medulla spinalis at it’s widest point?

A

C1 - C2 Region

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21
Q

The enlargement of medulla spinalis between C6 and T2 is called…

A

Intumescentia cervicalis

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22
Q

The ventral branches from intumescentia cervicalis go to form the…

A

Brachial plexus

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23
Q

Which vessel(s) are found in foramen vertebrae

A
  1. Aa. spinales dorsales x 2
  2. A. spinalis ventralis
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24
Q

5

A

Crista ventralis

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25
Q

14

A

Incisura vertebralis caudalis

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26
Q

In some cases, bone can grow over incisura vertebralis cranialis/caudalis to form…

A

Foramina vertebrales laterales

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27
Q

In the C-spine, the spinous process is essentially absent in…

A

Eq

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28
Q

Which direction do the dorsal and ventral tubercles of the C-spine orient?

A

Dorsal: Caudally

Ventral: Cranially

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29
Q

The foramina transversaria of several cervical vertebrae form the…

A

Canalis transversarius

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30
Q

Which structure(s) pass through the ​canalis transversarius

A

A./v./n. vertebralis

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31
Q

Ruminants use the … to transport blood to the brain, rather than the … which other species use.

A
  1. A. vertebralis
  2. A. carotis interna
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32
Q

As you move caudally, the cervical vertabrae body size becomes…

A

Shorter

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33
Q

11

A

Spatium interarcuale

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34
Q

Which seperation is between the occipital bone and the atlas?

A

Spatium atlantooccipitale

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35
Q

Which seperation is between the atlas and the axis?

A

Spatium atlantoaxiale

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36
Q

The first spinal nerve leaves the medulla spinalis via the…

A

Foramen vertebrale laterale

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37
Q

All cervical spinal nerves, with exception to C1, leave the medulla spinalis via the…

A

Foramen intervertebrale

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38
Q

How many spinal nerves exist in the C-spine?

A

8

(The 8th between C7 and T1)

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39
Q

The dorsal and ventral cervical plexi are formed by…

A

The dorsal and ventral branches of the cervical nerves, respectively

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40
Q

Where does the ventral branch of C1 join onto?

A

CN-VII in the ansa cervicalis

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41
Q

Ansa cervicalis innervates which muscles?

A
  • Sternohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Omohyoid (Ø Ca)
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42
Q

The ventral branch of C2 detaches…

A

N. auricularis magnus

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43
Q

N. auricularis magnus joins…

A

Caudal auricular branch of CN-VII

Innervating the caudal part of the external ear

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44
Q

Ventral roots of C5 to C7 form the…

A

N. Phrenicus to the diaphragm

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45
Q

Supraclavicular branches arise from the…

A

Ventral cervical plexus

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46
Q

Supraclavicular branches innervate…

A

The skin over the shoudler joint

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47
Q

2

A

Massa lateralis

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48
Q

12

A

Arcus dorsalis

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49
Q

3

A
  • Ala atlantis*
  • Processus transversus*
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50
Q

Which processes are absent from the atlas?

A
  • Processus spinosus*
  • Processi articulares*
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51
Q

13

A

Tuberculum dorsale

(Large in Ru)

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52
Q

11

A

Tuberculum ventrale

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53
Q

Which foramina perforate the Eq ala atlantis?

A
  • Foramen alare*
  • Foramen vertebrale laterale*
  • Foramen transversarium*
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54
Q

Which foramina perforate the Ruminant ala atlantis?

A
  • Foramen alare*
  • Foramen vertebrale laterale*
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55
Q

Which foramina perforate the Canine ala atlantis?

A
  • Foramen vertebrale laterale*
  • Foramen transversarium*
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56
Q

Which structure replaces the foramen alare in canine?

A

Incisura alaris

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57
Q

5

A

Incisura alaris (Car only)

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58
Q

Describe the shape of the equine atlas (cranially)

A

Upside down V-shape

59
Q

9

A

Arcus ventralis

60
Q

6

A

Fossa atlantis

61
Q

7

A

Fovea articularis cranialis

62
Q

8

A

Fovea articularis caudalis

63
Q

10

A

Fovea dentis

64
Q

15

A

Dens

65
Q

18

A

Facies articularis dorsalis

66
Q

17

A

Facies articularis ventralis

  • Bifurcated in Eq/Ca/Su
  • Continuous curve in Ru
67
Q

16

A

Apex

68
Q

Give the species

A

Canine

69
Q

Give the species

A

Swine

70
Q

Give the species

A

Ruminant

71
Q

Give the species

A

Equine

72
Q

Give the species

A

Canine

73
Q

Give the species

A

Swine

74
Q

Give the species

A

Ruminant

75
Q

Give the species

A

Equine

76
Q
A

Processus articularis cranialis

77
Q
A

Foramen vertebrale laterale

78
Q
A

Foramen vertebrale laterale

79
Q

The foramen vertebrale latetale is lacking in the axis of which species?

A

Ca/Su

80
Q

Crista ventralis is lacking in which vertebrae?

A

C6 and C<span>7</span>

(Except Ca)

81
Q

On C6 the cranioventral tubercle is called the…

A

Lamina ventralis

82
Q

What is unique about C7?

A
  • 6 articular surfaces (rather than 4)
  • Paired foveae costales caudales
  • Lacking foramen transversarium
  • Processus spinosus is visible
83
Q

What kind of joint is art. atlandooccipitalis?

A

Two ellipsoidal joints

84
Q

Which joint feature encapsulates each occipital condyle?

A
  • Membrana atlantooccipitalis dorsalis* x 2
  • Membrana atlantooccipitalis ventralis:*
  • Single in Ca/Ru/Old Eq/Old Su
  • Double in young Eq/Su
85
Q
A

Lig. longitudinale

(Eq/Ru)

86
Q
A

Membrana antlantooccipitalis ventralis

87
Q
A

Lateral ligament of the atlas

88
Q
A

Membrana atlantooccipitalis dorsalis

(with articular capsule)

89
Q
A

Right alar ligament

90
Q
A

Articular capsule of art. atlantoaxialis

91
Q
A

Lamellar part of the nuchal ligament

92
Q

29

A

Lig. atlantoaxiale dorsale

93
Q

35

A

Lig. atlantoaxiale ventrale

(Ru/Eq)

94
Q

33

A

Lig. apicis dentis

(Ca/Su)

95
Q

Which structures hold the art. atlantoaxialis in place?

A
  1. Membrana tectoria/atlantoaxialis dorsalis
  2. Lig. atlantoaxiale dorsale
  3. Lig. atlantoaxiale ventrale
  4. Lig. apicis dentis
  5. Lig. alaris dentis
  6. Lig. transversum atlantis (Ca/Su)
96
Q

Name the long ligaments of the vertebral column

A
  • Lig. longitudinale dorsale
  • Lig. longitudinale ventrale
  • Lig. nuchae (becomes lig. supraspinale) (Ø Su)
97
Q

Name the short ligaments of the vertebral column

A
  • Ligg. interspinales
  • Ligg. intertransversaria
  • Ligg. interarcuales/flava
98
Q
A

Lamina nuchae (of lig. nuchae)

(Eq/Ru)

99
Q
A

Funiculus nuchae (of lig. nuchae)

(Ø Su)

100
Q
A

Lig. supraspinale

101
Q
A

Bursa subligamentosa nuchalis cranialis et caudalis

(Eq Only)

102
Q
A

Lig. supraspinale

(with supraspinal subligamentous bursa)

103
Q
A

Lig. supraspinale

104
Q
A

Funiculus nuchae (of lig. nuchae)

(ØSu)

105
Q
A

Funiculus nuchae (of lig. nuchae)

(Ø Su)

106
Q
A

Lamina nuchae (of lig. nuchae)

(Eq/Ru)

107
Q
A

Lig. longitudinale ventrale

108
Q
A

Lig. longitudinale dorsale

(C2 - S1)

109
Q
A

Lig. interarcuales/flavum

Yellow ligament (Ru/Eq)

110
Q
A

Lig. interspinales

111
Q
A

Lig. supraspinale

112
Q

Give the groups of the muscles of the head and neck

A
  1. Longus Group
  2. Obliquus Group
  3. Rectus Group
  4. Sternocleidomastoideus Group
  5. Scalenus Group
  6. Semispinalis Group
113
Q

Which muscles do not belong to a specific group withing the muscles of the head and neck?

A
  1. M. omotransversarius
  2. M. splenius
114
Q

Give the muscles belonging to the Longus group

A
  1. M. longus capitis
  2. M. longus colli
115
Q

Give the muscles belonging to the Obliquus group

A
  1. M. obliquus capitis cranialis
  2. M. obliquus capitis caudalis
116
Q

Give the muscles belonging to the Rectus group

A
  1. M. rectus capitis dorsalis major
  2. M. rectus capitis dorsalis minor
  3. M. rectus capitis lateralis
  4. M. rectus capitis ventralis
117
Q

Give the muscles belonging to the Sternocleidomastoideus group

A
  • M. brachiocephalicus
  • M. cleidobrachialis
  • M. cleidocephalicus
  • M. cleidocervicalis (Ca)
  • M. cleidomastoideus
  • M. cleidooccipitalis (Ru/Su)
  • M. sternocephalicus
  • M. sternomandibularis (Eq/Ru)
  • M. sternomastoideus (Ø Su)
  • M. sternooccipitalis (Ca)
118
Q

Give the muscles belonging to the Scalenus group

A
  1. M. scalenus dorsalis (Ø Eq)
  2. M. scalenus medius
  3. M. scalenus ventralis (Ø Ca)
119
Q

Give the muscles belonging to the Semispinalis group

A
  1. M. biventer cervicis
  2. M. complexus
  3. M. semispinalis cervicis (Ca/Ru)
120
Q
A

M. Cleidobrachialis

O: Distal Humerus, Crista Humerii

I: Clavicular Intersection

A: Extend shoulder, move limb cranially, lat + downward head movement

121
Q
A

M. Cleidocephalicus

O: Clavicular Intersection

I: See M. Cleidomastoideus and M. Cleidocervicalis

A: Extend shoudler, move limb cranially, Lat + downward head movement

122
Q
A

M. Omotransversarius

O: Distal Spina Scapulae

I: Ala Atlantis

A: Draws Shoulder Cranially, Flex neck laterally

123
Q
A

M. Cleidocervicalis (Ca only)

O: Clavicular Intersection

I: Dorsal Midline of the cranial raphe cervicis

A: Extend shoulder, move forelimb cranially, Lat. + downward head movement

124
Q
A

M. Sternooccipitalis

O: Manubrium Sterni

I: Nuchal crest

A: Move neck laterally or ventrally

125
Q
A

M. Cleidomastoideus

O: Clavicular Intersection

I: Mastoid process of temporal bone

A: Extend shoulder, move forelimb cranially, Lat. + downward head movement

126
Q
A

M. Sternomastoideus

O: Manubrium Sterni

I: Mastoid process of temporal bone

A: Lat. + Vent. head movement

127
Q
A

M. Sternocephalicus

O: Manubrium Sterni

I: Head

A: Lat. + Vent. head movement

128
Q
A

M. Scalenus Dorsalis (Ø Eq)

O: C4-C6 Transverse Process

I: Dorsally Situated: Ribs 1-4

Ventrally Situated: Ribs 1-8/9

A: Inspiration, vent. + lat. head movement

129
Q
A

M. Scalenus Medius

O: C6 - C7 Transverse Process

I: Cranial Border of R1 (+R2 in Ca)

A: Inspiration, flex nex ventrolaterally

130
Q
A

M. Scalenus Dorsalis (Ø Eq)

O: C4-C6 Transverse Process

I: Dorsally Situated: Ribs 1-4

Ventrally Situated: Ribs 1-8/9

A: Inspiration, vent. + lat. head movement

131
Q
A

M. Splenius

O: T1-T3 Spinous Process, Caudal Lig. Nuchae, Cranial Thoracolumbar Fascia

I: Crista Nuchae, Mastoid process on temporal bone

A: Extend Neck, Raise Head, Lat. Head Movement

132
Q
A

M. Complexus (Pars ventralis of m. Semispinalis Capitis)

O: Caudal Articular Process of C3-T1

I: Crista Nuchae, external occipital protuberance

A: Extend Neck, Lat. flex neck

133
Q
A

M. obliquus capitis cranialis

O: Ala atlantis

I: Squama occipitalis

A: Extends/laterally flexes the art. atlantooccipitalis

134
Q
A

M. rectus capitis lateralis

O: Arcus ventralis (of atlas)

I: Processus paracondylaris

A: Flex art. atlantooccipitalis lat. + vent.

135
Q
A

M. rectus capitis ventralis

O: Arcus ventralis (of atlas)

I: Pars basilaris of os occipitale

A: Flex art. atlantooccipitalis ventrally

136
Q

14

A

M. longus capitis

O: C3 - C6 transverse processes

I: Pars basilaris of os occipitale

A: Flex neck

137
Q

2a

A

M. biventer cervicis (dorsal part of m. semispinalis capitis)

O: T2-T4 transverse processes

I: Crista nuchae, external occipital protuberance

A: Extend neck, flex head and neck laterally

138
Q
A

M. Brachiocephalicus

O: Humerus

I: Head and neck

A: Extend shoulder, lat. + downwards head and neck movement, draws limb cranially

139
Q
A

M. sternomandibularis (Eq/Ru)

O: Manubrium sterni

I: Fascia masseterica, tuberositas m. sternomandibularis

A: Lat. + Vent. head movement

140
Q
A

M. cleidooccipitalis (Ru/Su)

O: Clavicular intersection

I: Crista nuchae

A: Extend shoulder, lat. + downward movement of head, cranial limb movement

141
Q
A

M. obliquus capitis caudalis

O: C2 spinous process and caudal articular process

I: Ala atlantis

A: Rotates atlantoaxial joint

142
Q
A

M. rectus capitis dorsalis major

O: C2 spinous process

I: Squama occipitalis

A: Extends atlantooccipital joint, raises head

143
Q
A

M. longus colli

O: Cristae ventrales of the cervical vertebrae from C2

I: Cristae ventrales of T5

A: Flex the neck

144
Q
A

M. scalenus ventralis (Ø Ca)

O: C3-C6 transverse process

I: Middle portion of R1

A: Flex neck ventrolaterally, inspiration

Veterinary Anatomy Final Topics (127 decks)

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