Pediatric Behavioral Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What is colic?

A

inconsolable crying in a young infant without known cause (diagnosis of exclusion)

Wessel’s Rule of 3s

crying for more than 3 hours per day for more than 3 days per week for more than 3 weeks

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2
Q

what is the definition of a temper tantrum?

A

out of control behavior, including screaming, stomping, hitting, head banging, falling down and other violent displays of frustration

normal human developmental stage 18 months-4 years

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3
Q

what are the different types of breath holding spells?

A

cyanotic - screaming or crying, breath-holding and turning blue, arch and pass out

pallid - startled or frightened children stop breathing and drop (fainting)

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4
Q

when is an EEG indicated in a breath holder?

A

where there is a period of seizure-like activity for more than 2 minutes

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5
Q

when does breath holding end?

A

many stop by 4

almost all stop by 7 or 8

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6
Q

when does the AAP recommend you perform developmental screening?

A

9, 18, and 30 months

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7
Q

what are the different types of developmental delay

A

isolated - one area (usually speech-language)

global - delay in three or more areas

atypical - asynchronous or “out of order” (ASD)

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8
Q

What is the DSM-5 definition of ASD?

A

A. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction accross contexts, not accounted for by general develop. delays (and all three of the following):

  1. problems in social-emotional reciprocity
  2. deficits in non-verbal communicative behavior used for social interaction
  3. deficits in developing and maintaining relationships appropriate to developmental level

and B. presence of restricted, repetitive , stereotyped behavior and activities (and at least two of the following):

  1. stereotyped speech
  2. excessive adherence to routines, ritualized behavior, resistance to change
  3. highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus
  4. hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or usual interest in sensory aspects of the environment
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9
Q

what are the speech intelligibility guidelines?

A

50% at 2 years

75% at 3 years

100% at 4 years

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10
Q

what medications are approved treatments for ADHD?

A

stimulant medications - mixed amphetamine sals, dextroamphetamine, lisdexamphetamine, methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate

non-stimulant medications - amoxetine, long-acting alpha agonsists (guanfacine, clonidine)

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11
Q

what are the subtypes of ADHD?

A

inattentive - more females, suspected diagnosed later (20%)

hyper/impulsive type (15%)

mixed (65%)

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12
Q

what are some common co-morbidities with ADHD?

A
  • learning disorders
  • oppositional defiant disorder
  • language disorders
  • anxiety disorders
  • mood disorders
  • conduct disorder
  • smoking
  • substance use disorder
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13
Q

what is failure to thrive?

A
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14
Q
A
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