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Biology > ch 8 & 9 (photosynthesis & cellular respiration) > Flashcards

ch 8 & 9 (photosynthesis & cellular respiration) Flashcards

1
Q

autotrophic

A

organisms that use light energy from the sun to make food

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2
Q

heterotrophic

A

organisms that contain energy from the food they consume

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3
Q

where dose the enery from most living things come from?

A

the sun

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4
Q

what dose at stand for ATP and what is it ?

A

Adenosine triphosphate . basic energy source in all cells

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5
Q

what dose Atp consist of ?

A

adenine, a 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate groups

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6
Q

What is the key to ATP’s ability to store rand release energy?

A

phosphate groups

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7
Q

what do animals store instead of large amounts of ATP over long periods of time

A

animals store glycogen

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8
Q

what do plants store instead of large amounts of ATP over long periods of time

A

starch

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9
Q

ADP

A

compound that looks almost like ATP, except that it has two phosphate groups instead of three

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10
Q

what is the equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2+6H20—-> C6H12O6+6O2
(or)
carbon dioxide+ water —> sugar+oxygen

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11
Q

what is the main pigment

A

chloropyll

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12
Q

storma

A

the space outside the membranes of the chloroplast

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13
Q

granum

A

a stack of thylakoids in the chloroplast

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14
Q

thylakoids

A

photosystems clusters of pigment and protein that absorb light energy

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15
Q

what is NAD+

A

the electron carrier in the electron transport chain

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16
Q

what is the equation to make NADPH

A

NADP + H+2E

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17
Q

where do the electrons come from

A

enzymes that brake down H20 down into 2e-, 2H+, and 1 oxygen

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18
Q

where dose a light dependant reactions occur

A

the chloroplast (thylakoid membrane)

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19
Q

van Helmont

A

he weighed a container and the dirt inside the container, he them weighed a seedling and planted it in the pot. he continued to water the plant and then in 5 yrs took the plant out and reweighed everything. The plant weighed more but the dirt weighed the same. He concluded the mass of plants came from H2O

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20
Q

Joseph Priestley

A

lit a candle and then put a container over it, he then observed that the candle soon went out.
Then created an experiment where he put a plant inside the container with the candle and then once again lit it, the candle soon went out again and was no able to be relighted but after a few days it was able to be lit again. He concluded that the plants produce oxygen

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21
Q

what is one factor that makes major contribution to the mass of plat besides H2o

A

carbon in carbon dioxide makes major contribution to the mass of plat

22
Q

Ingen-Housz

A

he put a plant inside 2 container filled with water. One container was kept under a light and the other in a dark corner, he found that the container under the light had bubbles but the one with no light had no bubbles. he then concluded that plants need light for photosynthesis to occur

23
Q

where dose the Calvin cycle occur

A

the storma

24
Q

calorie

A

the amount of energy needed to raise 1g of water 1 C degree

25
Q

formula for cellular respiration

A

6O2+C6H12O6——–> 6CO2+6H2O+ATP
(or)
Oxygen and glucose———> ATP, carbon dioxide and water

26
Q

cellular respiration

A

an aerobic process that breaks down food and releases energy in the presence of oxygen

27
Q

what goes in and comes out of the Kerbs cycle

A

in- pyruvic acid

out- CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP

28
Q

in cellular respiration what is the total amount of ATP molecules and how many are made in each step

A

GLYCOLOSIS- 2ATP
KERBS CYCLE and
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN- 34ATP

TOTAL- 36 ATP

29
Q

what dose aerobic mean

A

requires oxygen

30
Q

what dose anaerobic mean

A

dose not need oxygen

31
Q

What can ADP be compared to?

A

a rechargeable battery

32
Q

photosynthesis

A

process by which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates–sugars and starches–that can be used as food

33
Q

Why do most cells have only a small amount of ATP–enough to last for a few second of energy?

A

ATP is not a good molecule for storing large amounts of energy over long term.

34
Q

what happens in the light dependent reaction

A
  1. photosystem 2 absorbs light and energy is given to electrons that travel down the electron
    transport chain
  2. electrons move down the transport chain to photo system 1. the energy from the electrons in the transport chain is used to move a H+ into the thylakoid
  3. Energy from the sun, picked up by pigments, recharge the electron in photosystem 1. NADP+ becomes NADPH
35
Q

what is the charge in the inside and outside of the thylakoid after the light dependent reaction ?

A

inside- positive

outside negative- negative

36
Q

when in a light dependent reaction the H+ molecules cannot move through the membrane how did they cross the membrane?

A

they travel through a protein called ATP Synthase.

37
Q

what does ATP synthase do

A
  • produces oxygen
  • changes ADP to ATP and NAPD+ to NADPH
  • can be used in the calvin cycle to make high energy sugars
38
Q

what are the two steps in photosynthesis

A

light dependent reaction and calvin cycle

39
Q

what factors affect photosynthesis

A

temperature
light intensity
water availability

40
Q

what happens in the calvin cycle (steps)

A
  1. 6CO2 enters from the atmosphere it then combines with six 5-carbon molecules and we end up with twelve 3 carbon molecules
  2. the twelve 3-carbon molecules are converted high energy forms using ATP and NADPH
  3. two of the twelve 3 carbon molecules are used to form various 6-carbon sugars and other compounds
  4. the remaning tten 3 carbon molecules are converted back into 5-carbon molecules
41
Q

what happend over all in Calvin cycle

A

6 carbon dioxide molecules where used to produce 6-carbon sugar

42
Q

what are the steps of cellular resperation

A

glycolosis, kerbs cycle, electron transport chain

43
Q

where does glycolysis occur

A

cytoplasm

44
Q

what happens in glycolosis

A

one molecule of sugar is broken inhalf forming 2 pyruvic acids

45
Q

what is the equation for alcoholic fermentation

A

pyruvic acid+ NADH—> alcohol+CO2+6H20+ATP

46
Q

lactic acid Fermentation

A

convertes glucose to lactic acid while also 2ADP to 2ATP and 2NAD+ to 2NADH, then concerting it back to 2NAD+

47
Q

Krebs Cycle

A

if oxygen is present , the pyruvic acid from glycolosis will be broken down into CO2 go through a series of energy realising reactions

48
Q

ELectron transport chain

A

uses high energy electrons from kerb cycle to make ATP

49
Q

what are the 3 parts of atp

A

ribose, 3 phosphate group and adinine

50
Q

what are the two pathways that glycolosis can lead to depending on wheter oxygen is present or not

A

fermentation or the krebs cycle

Biology (13 decks)

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