Economic Migration

Question 1

Rural to urban migration

Answer 1

2008- global urbanisation passed 50%
TNCs are the main job providers in urban areas, drawing people in for work
E.g. San Paula gains 1/2 million people a year
Centripetal migration - migration of people towards the central urban areas

Question 2

International migration

Answer 2

250 million people live in countries that they weren’t born in
There are 60 million displaced people - 14 million are refugees

Question 3

Push factors for migration

Answer 3

High rates of unemployment due to mechanisation
Global warming leads to drought and floods
Natural hazards
Lack of services, healthcare, education, etc
Land division through inheritance

Question 4

Pull factors of migration

Answer 4

Employment in secondary and tertiary industry thanks to TNCs
Better infrastructure
Family who have already moved to the city make it easier to move

Question 5

Why is rural to urban migration increasing rapidly?

Answer 5

Shrinking world technology

More jobs due to TNCs and these are due to outsourcing and offshoring

Question 6

Challenges of growth

Answer 6

Environmental sustainability - water and air pollution from industry (Rome)
Social sustainability - employment, urban housing, healthcare, education.
LDCs - is there enough housing?
MDCs - is there affordable housing?

Question 7

Pros of migration for the source country

Answer 7

The source country gets remittances (boosts economy)

Reduces government spendings kills brought back, e.g. Speaking English

Question 8

Cons of migration for the host country

Answer 8

Brain drain, loss of skilled workers
Split families leading to social problems
Economically active leave = age imbalance = ageing population + lack of taxes paid
Dereliction (crime)

Question 9

Pros of migration for the host country

Answer 9

Foreign workers fill low payed jobs
High skilled workers to boost economy
Pay taxes and spend money = buoyant economy
Enhances cultural diversity