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Sociology 112 > Chapter 12- Lecture > Flashcards

Chapter 12- Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is education?

A

Institution responsible fro the transmission of knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes deemed desirable.

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2
Q

What are the two types of education?

A

formal education and informal education

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3
Q

What is formal education?

A

regulated and organized by the state

-ex. the marks you get

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4
Q

What is informal education?

A

Stresses societal norms and values, working to socialize the next generation

  • what happens inner everyday life
  • societal norms and values pushed back or accepted
  • more than what’s happening on campus
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5
Q

What are the earliest forms of education. Explain

A

Residential schools–re-socialize Aboriginal people to become ‘civilized.’

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6
Q

What was mass education?

A
  • Industrialization and immigration

- Education viewed as essential to economic development

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7
Q

Which was the first province to offer are compulsory education?

A

Ontario

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8
Q

How did mass education differ between boys and girls?

A

Girls and boys educated differently, males given vocational training in preparation for the labour market while girls were prepared to be housewives or to work in ‘nurturing’ occupations.

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9
Q

What has there been a significant rise in with current educational rates?

A

post-secondary educational attainment

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10
Q

What creates the standardized student?

A

Massification of higher education participation

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11
Q

Does a high school diploma translate into the same kind of pay as it could a few decades ago?

A

No

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12
Q

Women account for___% of full-time undergraduate students (2010-2011)?

A

57

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13
Q

What is credential inflation?

A

Ever-increasing cache of educational credentials required for a particular job allows schooling to act as a means of exclusion.

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14
Q

What is credential inflation party a result of?

A

Increased need for technical knowledge is some positions (engineering, competing, mechanics), not so much with others (nursing, social work, business).

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15
Q

Why can employers now demand more credentials?

A

Because there are so many applicants–global job market.

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16
Q

Who does credential inflation exclude?

A

Capable, lower class who cannot afford education.

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17
Q

How do functionalists approach education?

A

Schools need to both serve and reflect the values and interests of the society in which they operate. Schools help maintain equilibrium of social system

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18
Q

What do schools act as according to functionalism?

A
  • Act as a sorting mechanism for future roles in society (through allocation of grades)
  • Teaches students how to function in the larger society (socialization)
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19
Q

What is the criticism of the functionalist approach to education?

A

Clings to idea of society as a meritocracy, ignoring one’s social location.

  • Forcing people into a mould that isn’t working
  • Education rigged for failure (weeding out process)
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20
Q

What is the conflict theories approach to education?

A

Schooling saves the capitalist aims of profit and compliant workers –> mould into student and capitalist worker

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21
Q

What is Bowles and Gintis’ correspondence principle?

A

Prevails between schools and workplace. Similar means of motivating behaviour and authority structures. Students from privileged class backgrounds are more likely to continue to higher levels of schooling.

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22
Q

Which theory believes that schools work to prevent social class mobility, prevent upward movement in social class, and can perpetuate social inequality?

A

Conflict theory

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23
Q

What does symbolic interactionism look at with education?

A

Examine meanings attached to school practices, around your school work.

24
Q

What does Howard Becker look at?

A
  • Teacher-imposed labels can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy
  • Through interactive process one comes to embody a label–ADHD, “Bad” student –> become a different person.
25
Q

What do contemporary studies show with the self-fulfilling prophecy and education?

A

That self-fulfilling prophecy remains concern especially in relation to gender, race, and class.

26
Q

What does early feminist theory look at with education (3 things)?

A
  • focused on the sexism embedded in both school texts and classroom practices
  • women represented as passive objects or altogether absent (girls taught to be quiet)
  • teachers engage more with boys than with girls
27
Q

What does contemporary feminist studies look at with education?

A
  • continue to focus gendered patterns of interaction
  • boys continue to have more classroom interaction with teacher
  • behaviour that is accepted from boys is corrected in girls (and vice versa)
  • *hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity**
28
Q

With contemporary feminist studies, is sexism as prevalent in course texts?

A

no

29
Q

What is an example of contemporary feminist studies?

A

Different tasks given to boys an girls: boys set out chairs, girls decorate

30
Q

What is the anti-racist approach to education?

A

Race and racism are central in how we claim, occupy, and defend spaces.

31
Q

What do anti-racist theorist see as a problem with Canadian schools?

A

Majority of teachers in Canadian schools are white thus imperative need to reflect on the ways in which colonialist ,imperialist, and capitalist histories are reproduced in classrooms.

32
Q

What are anti-racist approaches committed to with education?

A

To create classroom spaces that enable students to think through an question their assumptions about the world.

33
Q

What is Bourdieu’s (cultural theory) approach to education?

A

How is inequality reproduced? How is privilege transferred? Cultural capital. Schools reproduce existing power relations; they are not value natural.

34
Q

What is cultural capital?

A

Refers to a set of usable resources (skills, habits, manners) that can translate into economic and social success.

35
Q

What do children from higher class come to school with?

A

Greater cultural capital

36
Q

How does post-structuralism approach education?

A
  • Foucault: power/knowledge nexus
  • Cannot separate knowledge from the context in which it is produced (how we look at our universities and access to information; who has the power to create knowledge).
37
Q

What is discourse?

A

Systems of thought that govern how we might think, speak, or act about a particular topic.

38
Q

What is an example of post-structuralism with education?

A

Montgomery (2005) Racism in textbooks

39
Q

Tuition rates have increased___% for general arts programs in the past 27 years in Canada.

A

280

40
Q

What is the average annual tuition for arts student in 2012-2013?

A

$5581

41
Q

Which two professional disciplines has the highest tuition?

A

Dentistry and Law

42
Q

What plays a role in university attendance? Why?

A
  • Social class
  • Most students in medical school come from families with high household incomes, high parental education levels, and high-status parental occupations
43
Q

Women now accuse for almost___% of undergraduates?

A

60

44
Q

What professions do females and males, respectively, remain concentrated in?

A

Females: education, humanities, and social sciences
Males: math and engineering

45
Q

What is the gendered workplace with education?

A

-Women constitutie 83% of elementary teachers and 57% of high school teachers; underrepresented in principal position (53% and 32%, respectively)

46
Q

___% of all university professorial positions filled by women.

A

36

47
Q

What are the current problems with post-secondary institutions?

A
  • Government funding declined dramatically

- Faculty members have decreased wile enrolment rates have increased.

48
Q

Have student tuition fees increased or decreased for post-secondary education?

A

increased

49
Q

What is there a move towards with post-secondary institutions?

A

corporate models

50
Q

What is their a push to secure with post-secondary institutions?

A

External funding (donations –> affect research done –> disproportionate capacity to influence the type of worker produced)

51
Q

Universities now rely on___assessments rather than___based.

A

-quantitive
-quality
(drive for number vs. capacity to think)

52
Q

What is the McDonaldization of universities?

A

Universities are expected to function in ever more efficient ways, with a high degree of predictability nd standardization
-Students are customers who consume education

53
Q

What are some examples of McDonaldization in universities?

A
  • Increased class sizes
  • Few faculty members
  • Less government funding
  • increased tuition costs.
54
Q

What percent of undergraduates admit to cheating?

A

53%

55
Q

___% of teachers and ___% of teaching assistants ignored cases of suspected academic misconduct.

A
  • 46

- 38

56
Q

Why is their a lack of administrative support for academic integrity?

A

Because there is a push to push students through–no stain on institution–business model–don’t want to lost tuition.

Sociology 112 (19 decks)

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