CNS/muscle

Question 1

developmental disorders of CNS

Answer 1

anencephaly, spina bifida, meningocele

Question 2

lack of fusion of posterior bony arch, protrusion of meninges thru defect

Answer 2

meningocele

Question 3

meninges made up of:

Answer 3

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Question 4

4 types intracranial hemorrhage

Answer 4

epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, intracerebral

Question 5

caused by skull fracture, between skull and dura mater, progresses quickly

Answer 5

epidural hematoma

Question 6

between dura and arachnoid, caused by blunt trauma, non-specific symptoms, progresses slowly

Answer 6

subdural hematoma

Question 7

between arachnoid and pia, caused by traumatic contusion of brain, ruptured aneurysms of circle of willis

Answer 7

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 8

caused by blunt/penetrating trauma to head, stroke

Answer 8

intracerebral hem.

Question 9

3rd most common cause of death

Answer 9

cerebrovascular disease

Question 10

cerebrovasc disease related to:

Answer 10

atherosclerosis, hypertension, thromboembolism

Question 11

cerebrovasc disese usually due to:

Answer 11

cerebral infarction, intracerebral hem.

Question 12

liquefactive necrosis in stroke called:

Answer 12

encephalomalacia

Question 13

common sites of intracerebral hem:

Answer 13

basal ganglia, cerebellar, pontine

Question 14

edema reversible or irreversible?

Answer 14

reversible

Question 15

examples of prion infections

Answer 15

BSE, CJD, Kuru

Question 16

hallmark of CJD?

Answer 16

vacuolization of cells of grey matter with neuronal loss (spongiform change)

Question 17

what is demyelinating disease?

Answer 17

myelin loss, loss oligodendrocytes, eg. MS

Question 18

what is degenerating disease?

Answer 18

loss of neurons, eg. alzheimer’s

Question 19

areas of demyelination in white matter

Answer 19

plaques

Question 20

diagnose MS with:

Answer 20

lumbar puncture (^ IgG and oligoclonal bands in CSF)

Question 21

factors in pathogenesis of MS

Answer 21

autoimmune, more in women, enviro (temperate), genes

Question 22

classic cause of isolated dementia

Answer 22

alzheimer’s

Question 23

pathologic features of alzheimers

Answer 23

neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, amyloid angiopathy

Question 24

clin features of alzheimer’s:

Answer 24

dementia, functional decline, loss of memory

Question 25

damaged ligaments, pain from small hemorrhage and edema

Answer 25

sprains

Question 26

result from physical stretch of muscle in opposite directions, pain from tears in musc.-tendon junction

Answer 26

strains

Question 27

sex-linked recessive, caused by deficiency of dystrophin

Answer 27

duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 28

duchenne’s symptoms begin ___ and characterized by __ sign

Answer 28

3-5yrs; Gower’s

Question 29

site of pathology is neuromusc junction, autoimmune, binding of Ach blocked

Answer 29

myasthenia gravis

Question 30

MG start in:

Answer 30

eyelids

Question 31

why die in MG?

Answer 31

respiratory failure

Question 32

MG associated with enlarged:

Answer 32

thymus

Question 33

how treat MG?

Answer 33

anti-cholinesterase (don’t break down Ach)