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Pathology > liver and gallbladder > Flashcards

liver and gallbladder Flashcards

1
Q

Three major types gallstones

A

cholesterol, pigment, mixed

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2
Q

risk factors for cholesterol stones:

A

fat, female, forty, fertile, flatulent

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3
Q

pain of gallstones is ___

A

peristaltic

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4
Q

pain of inflammation is ____

A

continuous ache

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5
Q

complications of gall stones?

A

obstruction of bile ducts, perforations of gallbladder

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6
Q

liver weighs about ___ grams

A

1200

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7
Q

symptoms of liver damage is ___

A

non specific

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8
Q

jaundice first appears :

A

eyes, creases of palms

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9
Q

jaundice is total serum bilirubin>____

A

35-51

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10
Q

pre-hepatic jaundice associated with:

A

hemolytic anemia

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11
Q

post hepatic jaundice associated with:

A

obstruction (gall stones, cancer in pancreas)

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12
Q

clinical features of acute liver disease:

A

jaundice, right upper quadrant pain, symptoms of liver failure, itching

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13
Q

why itching in acute liver disease>

A

bile duct compressed so bile salts go to blood and deposit in skin

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14
Q

chronic liver disease clinical features

A

asymptomatic, vague complaints, chronic elevation of liver enzymes in lab tests

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15
Q

what is hepatocellular?

A

damage to liver cells, transaminases leak out

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16
Q

what is cholestatic?

A

obstruction to bile flow, alkaline phosphatase released

17
Q

most common reasons for liver disease?

A

drugs, alcohol, viruses thru sex or transfusion

18
Q

<6mth is ___ damage

A

panlobular

19
Q

> 6mth is ___ damage

A

periportal

20
Q

this enzyme is elevated in chronic alcohol abuse

A

gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)

21
Q

most important predictor of outcome in acute is ____

A

INR (prothrombin time)

22
Q

most important predictor of outcome in chronic is ___

A

underlying cause

23
Q

clinical effects of viral hepatitis divided into these phases:

A

preicteric and icteric

24
Q

no cure for this type of hep

A

hep C

25
Q

accumulation of fats in liver

A

steatosis

26
Q

fatty liver mostly caused by:

A

alcohol

27
Q

alcoholic liver disease characterized by appearance of:

A

mallory hyaline, neutrophils

28
Q

similar changes outside of alcohol called:

A

NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis)

29
Q

NASH caused by:

A

obesity, rapid wt loss, diabetes, drugs

30
Q

shrunken, hardened, bumpy liver referred to as

A

cirrhosis

31
Q

complications of cirrhosis:

A

portal venous obstruction (hypertension), hepatic failure (splenomegaly), liver cell carcinoma

32
Q

two types of hepatic failure

A

(rapid) massive necrosis, (slow) cirrhosis

33
Q

this hepatitis by fecal oral spread, RNA

A

A

34
Q

this hepatitis is DNA virus

A

B

35
Q

most common metastatic site

A

liver

Pathology (19 decks)

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