9.26 Pharmacogenomics Flashcards
the study of the relationship between gene variants and drug effects
pharmacogenomics
differences in phenotypic differences when taking a drug may be attributed to ______ differences between individuals
genotipic
the most common type of variation in differences in genomics contributing to different reactions in drugs are _______________
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
how can SNPs alter responses to drugs?
can increase or decrease:
absorption
metabolism
efficacy (through receptor interactions)
secretion
_____________ is a NMJ blocking drug that typically had a rapid onset and short duration.
succinylcholine
there are rare prolonged responses to succinylcholine due to _____ that changes an amino acid and results in atypical plasma cholinesterase, which _________ the drug.
SNPs
metabolizes
in people with SNPs in the plasma cholinesterase, people are _________ for longer when given ____________
paralyzed
succinylcholine
people with favism (get hemolytic anemia when eat fave beans) have a polymorphism in what protein?
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
people who have _____ polymorphism are vulnerable to drugs that are pro-oxidants (such as primaquine - a malaria drug) and can get ___________ _________ after taking those drugs.
G6PD
hemolytic anemia
individuals with _______ are either quick or slow metabolizers for drugs such as codeine. The enzyme also works on beta blockers and anti-hypertension drugs
CYP2D6
a mutation in __________ that causes rapid metabolism may induce morphine toxicity in children, since if given ______, that is metabolized to morphine.
CYP2D6
codeine
what enzyme is important in metabolizing drugs that are very toxic (such as azathioprine and mercaptopurine?)
thiopurine methyltransferase
when given a very toxic drug, polymorphisms in _________________ that make the enzyme deficient or nonfunctional, can have fatal side effects. Is this phase 1 or phase 2 metabolism?
thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) phase 2 metabolism
