Research Methods

Question 1

The tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it

Answer 1

Hindsight bias

Question 2

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions

Answer 2

Critical thinking

Question 3

A testable prediction often implied by theory

Answer 3

Hypothesis

Question 4

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

Answer 4

Theory

Question 5

A statement of procedures used to define research variables

Answer 5

Operational definition

Question 6

Repeating the essence of a research study usually with different participants in different situations to see whether the basic finding’s extends to other participants and circumstances

Answer 6

Replication

Question 7

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Answer 7

Case study

Question 8

A technique for a certain the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group usually by questioning a representative

Answer 8

Survey

Question 9

All the cases in a group being studied from which samples may be drawn

Answer 9

Population

Question 10

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Answer 10

Random sample

Question 11

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Answer 11

Naturalistic observation

Question 12

A measure of extent to which two factors very together and thus of how well either factor predicts the other

Answer 12

Correlation

Question 13

A statistical index of the relationship between two things

Answer 13

Correlation coefficient

Question 14

A graft cluster of dots each of which represents the value of two variables

Answer 14

Scatter plot

Question 15

The perception of a relationship where none exists

Answer 15

Illusory Correlation

Question 16

A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process

Answer 16

Experiment

Question 17

Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing pre-existing differences between those assigned to different groups

Answer 17

Random assignment

Question 18

An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are blind about whether the research participants have received the treatment or the placebo

Answer 18

Double-blind procedure

Question 19

Experimental results caused by an expectation alone; any affect on behavior caused by the administration of been entered substance or condition which the recipient assumes is an active agent

Answer 19

Placebo effect

Question 20

In an experiment the group that is exposed to the treatment

Answer 20

Experimental group

Question 21

In an experiment the group that is not exposed to the treatment

Answer 21

Control group

Question 22

The experimental factor that is manipulated; The variable whose effect is being studied

Answer 22

Independent variable

Question 23

It factor other than the independent variable that might produce an Effect in an experiment

Answer 23

Cofounding variable

Question 24

The outcome factor; The variable that may change in response to the manipulations of the independent variable

Answer 24

Dependent variable

Question 25

The most frequently occurring scores in a distribution

Answer 25

Mode

Question 26

The arithmetic average of a distribution obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores

Answer 26

Mean

Question 27

The middle score in a distribution

Answer 27

Median

Question 28

The difference between the highest and lowest score in a distribution

Answer 28

Range

Question 29

A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

Answer 29

Standard deviation

Question 30

A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

Answer 30

Statistical significance

Question 31

The enduring behavior, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a group of people

Answer 31

Culture

Question 32

And ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate

Answer 32

Informed consent

Question 33

The post experimental explanation of a study including its purpose and any deceptions to its participants

Answer 33

Debriefing

Question 34

A symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data

Answer 34

Normal curve