Chapter 12

Question 1

Education

Answer 1

Institution within the social structure that is responsible for the formal transmission of knowledge

Question 2

S-F on education

Answer 2

Functions of education help society, schools transmit knowledge and skills, schools help society run more smoothly by socializing young people to conform, and sorts children

Question 3

Conflict theory and education

Answer 3

Schools reinforce the status quo and inequality, children learn cultural and historical perspectives of dominant culture, evaluating people based on education=based on who their parents are

Question 4

Hidden curriculum

Answer 4

Underlying cultural messages that schools teach

Question 5

Credentialism

Answer 5

Bias based on credentials; assumption some are better than others simply because they have particular educational credential

Question 6

S-I on education

Answer 6

Processes that produce unequal results (self-fulfilling)

Question 7

Tracking

Answer 7

Use of early evaluations to determine the educational programs that a child will be encouraged or allowed to follow

Question 8

School choice

Answer 8

Range of options that enable families to choose where their children go to school

Question 9

Religion

Answer 9

System of beliefs and practices related to sacred things that unites believers into a moral community

Question 10

Secularization

Answer 10

Process of transferring things ideas, or events from sacred authority to non-sacred, or secular, authority

Question 11

Fundamentalism

Answer 11

Religious movements that believe their most sacred book(s) are the literal word of God, accept traditional interpretations of those books, and stress the importance of living in ways that mesh with those traditional interpretations

Question 12

Profane

Answer 12

All that is routine and taken for granted

Question 13

Sacred

Answer 13

Events and things we hold in awe and reverence

Question 14

S-F on religion

Answer 14

Offers support, consolation, and reconciliation

Question 15

Conflict theory on religion

Answer 15

Religions foster and repress conflicts, religion and power

Question 16

S-I and religion

Answer 16

Search for knowledge about the unknown

Question 17

Charisma

Answer 17

Extraordinary personal qualities that set individuals apart from ordinary mortals

Question 18

Protestant ethic

Answer 18

Work, rationalism, and plain living are moral virtues

Question 19

Church

Answer 19

Any religion that accepts the surrounding society and is accepted by it

Question 20

State church

Answer 20

One church is so interwoven with society that it is strongly supported or mandated by the government

Question 21

Denomination

Answer 21

A church that accommodates itself to society but receives no special state support and tolerates the state and other churches

Question 22

Sect

Answer 22

Religious organization that arises in active rejection of changes that they find repugnant in modern religions and society

Question 23

New Religious Movements

Answer 23

Religious/spiritual movements begun in recent decades and not connected to a nations’s main stream religious traditions

Question 24

Religiosity

Answer 24

Individual’s level of commitment to religious beliefs and to acting on those beliefs

Question 25

Religious economy

Answer 25

Competition between religionist provide better consumer products thereby creating grater market demand for their religion

Question 26

Civil religion

Answer 26

Set of institutionalized rituals, beliefs and symbols sacred to US citizens