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Sociology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Culture

A

Total way of life shared by members of a community

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2
Q

Nonmaterial culture

A

Language, values, rules, knowledge, and meaning

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3
Q

Material culture

A

Physical objects that a society produce

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4
Q

S-F theory and culture

A

Culture is the underlying basis of interaction. How culture shapes us

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5
Q

Conflict theory and culture

A

Culture is a social product. Why culture develops in certain ways and whose interests this serves

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6
Q

S-I theory and culture

A

How ppl interpret and use what they see in media; How cultural values can help ppl justify their behavior

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7
Q

Cultural capital

A

Upper-class attitudes and knowledge; Brings power and status

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8
Q

Financial capital

A

Money

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9
Q

Three things culture is

A

Problem solving, relative, and a social product

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10
Q

Culture as problem solving

A

Culture provides a standard pattern for dealing with common dilemmas

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11
Q

Cultural relatively

A

Cultural traits should be evaluated in the context of its own culture

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12
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Tendency to judge members of other cultures according to the accepted beliefs and practices of our own culture; A natural and desirable product of growing up in a culture

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13
Q

Culture from society, not biology

A

People learn culture, are not born with it, and when they use it they change it

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14
Q

Sociobiology

A

Biological basis of all forms of human behavior; We have biological predispositions towards cultural patterns

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15
Q

Three vital aspects of nonmaterial culture

A

Langauge, values, and norms

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16
Q

Language

A

Ability to communicate using symbols; Carrier of culture; Shows group unity and differentiates bw groups

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17
Q

Sapir-Whorf/ linguistic relativity hypothesis

A

Grammar, structure, and categories in language affect how speakers see reality

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18
Q

Values

A

Shared ideas about desirable goals; Certain ones are universal

19
Q

Norms

A

Rules of conduct that are widely shared within a culture

20
Q

Dysfunctional norm

A

Work against the interest of society

21
Q

Folkways

A

Norms that are simply the customary and habitual ways a group does things; No moral value

22
Q

Mores

A

Carry moral values

23
Q

Laws

A

Mores enforced by government

24
Q

Social control

A

Forces that encourage ppl to follow norms and values of their culture/society

25
Q

Sanctions

A

Rewards for conformity and punishments for nonconformity

26
Q

Subcultures

A

Have overall culture of a society but with a distinct set of values, norms, lifestyles, traditions etc

27
Q

Countercultures

A

Groups whose values, interests, beliefs, and lifestyles conflict with the larger culture

28
Q

Assimilation

A

Individuals learn to adopt the values and social practices of the dominant group

29
Q

Multiculturalism

A

Belief that different cultural strands within a culture should be valued and nourished

30
Q

Reasons for variability of culture

A

Environment, isolation, cultural diffusion, technology, exposure to mass media, and dominant cultural themes

31
Q

Environment in culture

A

Determine what kinds of economies can flourish and which clothes and foods are practical

32
Q

Isolation in culture

A

When a culture is cut off form others, it is likely to develop unique norms and values

33
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

Aspects of one culture or subculture become part of another

34
Q

Technology in culture

A

Available tools affect norms and values

35
Q

Popular culture

A

Aspects that are widely accessible and broadly shared

36
Q

High culture

A

Cultural preferences associated with the upper class

37
Q

Mass media and culture

A

Both is affected by culture and affects it

38
Q

Dominant culture themes

A

Give a distinct character and help to create a closed system for the culture

39
Q

Cultural lag

A

Social practices and values do not keep up with technological changes

40
Q

Culture shock

A

Unpleasant experiences that can occur when individuals encounter a different culture

41
Q

Globalization of culture

A

Ideas, resources, practices, and people increasingly operate in a worldwide rather than local framework; Stems from technological and political advances

42
Q

Globalization on culture

A

Cultural values are spreading throughout the world

43
Q

Globalization on economy

A

Impact on selling and production of goods

44
Q

Globalization on politics

A

Corporations dwarf governments in wealth and size

Sociology (11 decks)

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