Pathophysiology - Chapters 50, 51, 52 - Final Exam

Question 0

Hormones influencing bone growth are _____ _____, _____ _____, and _____ _____

Answer 0

Thyroid hormone,
Growth hormone,
Sex hormone

Question 1

The two primary minerals found in bone are _____ and _____

Answer 1

Calcium,

Phosphate

Question 2

Open fractures are classified based on their ______

Answer 2

Wounds

Question 3

Defective bone mineralization due to a deficiency of vitamin D in childhood is called _____, where as its adult counterpart is called _____

Answer 3

Rickets,

Osteomalaca

Question 4

Injury to the anterior or posterior cruciate ligaments results in altered function of the _____

Answer 4

Knee

Question 5

A deficiency of vitamin _____ produces soft bones and is called osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children

Answer 5

D

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is true?
A. A symptom of compartment syndrome is poor muscle tone
B. It is due to increased pressure between fascial planes
C. It results in impaired fracture healing
D. It can be avoided if the fracture is properly aligned

Answer 6

B. It is due to increased pressure between fascial planes

Question 7

Risk factors for the development of osteoporosis include...
A.  Male gender
B.  African-American race
C.  Decreased weight-bearing exercise
D.  Previous turmeric fractures

Answer 7

C. Decreased weight-bearing exercise

Question 8

The primary reason osteomyelitis is so difficult to manage is that…
A. The origin of the infection is usually elsewhere in the body
B. Antibiotics that are effective against the causative organism do not exist
C. Cysts form around the infection
D. It is difficult to obtain sufficient antibiotic concentration in bone tissue

Answer 8

D. It is difficult to obtain sufficient antibiotic concentration in bone tissue

Question 9

The primary symptom of multiple myeloma is bone pain. This is because…
A. Nerves in bone are more sensitive than those anywhere else in the body
B. Excessive plasma cell proliferation occurs in the bone marrow
C. Early metastasis to bone is very common
D. As the tumor grows, periosteum is destroyed

Answer 9

B. Excessive plasma cell proliferation occurs in the bone marrow

Question 10

A major difference between an injury to a ligament and an injury to a tendon is that…
A. Ligamental injury typically produces decreased muscle strength
B. Decreased range of motion is common with tendon injury
C. Passive stretching of an injured ligament will cause pain
D. Pain is always greater with tendon injuries because more nerve tissue is involved

Answer 10

C. Passive stretching of an injured ligament will cause pain

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding myasthenia gravis is true?
A. It typically presents with weakness of the large muscle groups of the legs
B. It is a neuromuscular disease that has its onset in late middle age
C. It is due to excessive production of acetylcholinesterase, resulting in decreased amounts of acetylcholine
D. It is a progressive autoimmune disease affecting voluntary muscle function

Answer 11

D. It is a progressive autoimmune disease affecting voluntary muscle function

Question 12

Fibromyalgia syndrome is primarily characterized by…
A. Objective data in the form of specific signs demonstrated by the patient
B. Emotional instability best managed by psychotherapy and mood altering drugs
C. Chronic muscle pain, stiffness, and fatigue
D. Increased muscle strength reflexes and muscle spasms

Answer 12

C. Chronic muscle pain, stiffness, and fatigue

Question 13

What is the complication called when a fracture has not healed in six months?
A.  Delayed union
B.  Malunion
C.  Nonunion
D.  Disunion

Answer 13

C. Nonunion

Question 14

Healing of fractures involves…
A. Conversion of a hematoma into new bone
B. Callus formation and consolidation
C. Early activation of osteoblasts
D. More rapid resolution in cortical bone

Answer 14

B. Callus formation and consolidation

Question 15

Does ankylosing spondylosis cause vertebral fusion?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Is Lyme disease caused by a spirochete whose vector is most often the deer tick?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

The cause of fibromyalgia syndrome is _____

Answer 17

Unknown

Question 18

Do the following characteristics present with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis:
Systematic manifestations,
Inflammatory disease,
Symmetric presentation,
Pain at rest,
Laboratory abnormalities

Answer 18

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 19

Osteoarthritis…
A. Is in inflammatory disease of the joints
B. Presents bilaterally in a symmetric distribution
C. Is characterized by remissions in exacerbations of symptoms
D. Causes the development of osteophyte spurs

Answer 19

D. Causes the development of osteophyte spurs

Question 20

A characteristic manifestation of SLE that worsens during exacerbations or with exposure to ultraviolet light is…
A.  Arthralgia and synovitis
B.  Renal failure
C.  Butterfly facial rash
D.  Pleural effusions

Answer 20

C. Butterfly facial rash

Question 21

The underlying pathologic process of gout is…
A. Infection with a bacteria
B. Painless joint trauma
C. Muscle injury resulting in myoglobin release
D. Impaired metabolism of uric acid

Answer 21

D. Impaired metabolism of uric acid

Question 22

In the vast majority of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, laboratory testing reveals…
A. Elevated eosinophil count
B. Normal white blood cell count
C. Positive rheumatoid factor
D. Decreased red blood cell sedimentation rate

Answer 22

C. Positive rheumatoid factor

Question 23

Scleroderma…
A. Is a multi system inflammatory disease
B. Affects only the epidermal layer of the skin
C. Is more commonly found in men than in women
D. Initially appears in adolescents

Answer 23

A. Is a multi system inflammatory disease

Question 24

Narrowing of the joint spaces of weight-bearing joints is a characteristic x-ray finding in…
A.  Osteoarthritis
B.  Rheumatoid arthritis
C.  Gouty arthritis
D.  Psoriatic arthritis

Answer 24

A. Osteoarthritis