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Spring-Anatomy Exam 2 > Histo - Urinary system > Flashcards

Histo - Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the kidneys, Go!

A

Filter blood to keep it pure.

  • Toxins
  • Metabolic wastes
  • Excess water
  • Excess ions
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2
Q

What does the urine rid the body of?

A

Nitrogenous waste

  • Urea
  • Uric acid
  • Creatine
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3
Q

______ is the medial border of the kidney.

A

Hilum

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4
Q

What is the renal sinus of the kidney?

A

The center where the blood supply enters.

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5
Q

What is Cortex of the Kidney?

A

The thick outer band in a kidney cross section. *Contains renal corpuscles and associated tubules.

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6
Q

Describe the Medulla of the kidney…

A

Deep to cortex, contains the Renal pyramids & renal columns *Also contains collecting ducts & vasa recta.

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7
Q

What is a renal lobe?

A

Consists of:

  • A renal pyramid
  • Its overlying renal cortex.
  • One-half of each adjacent renal columns.
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8
Q

Describe the unique vasculature of the kidneys…

A

The glomerular capillary bed is unusual in having arterioles going both to and away from it. It is also unusual in having two capillary beds in series.

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9
Q

_______ is fluid is squeezed out of the glomerular capillary bed.

A

Filtration

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10
Q

_______ = Most nutrients, water and essential ions are returns to the blood of the peritubular capillaries.

A

Reabsorbtion

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11
Q

_______ = Moves additional undesirable molecules into tubule from blood of peritubular capillaries.

A

Secretion

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12
Q

_______ IS the structural and Function unit of the kidney.

A

The Nephron

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13
Q

What are the two parts of the nephron?

A

Renal Corpuscle

Renal Tubule

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14
Q

______ is where tubular reabsorption & Secretion occurs.

A

Renal Tubule

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15
Q

Each nephron will drain into a _______.

A

Collecting tubule

*Nephron plus its collecting tubule form the Uriniferous tubule.

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16
Q

Where does glomerular filtration occur?

A

The Renal corpuscle

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17
Q

What are the 2 components of the Renal corpuscle?

A
  • Glomerulus = tuft of capillaries composed of 10-120 capillary loops *Supplied by afferent arteriole and drained by efferent arteriole.
  • Bowman’s Capusle = double walled epithelial cup that surrounds the glomerulus
18
Q

What are the two layers of the Bowman’s capsule?

A
  • Visceral layer = internal layer

- Parietal layer = External layer

19
Q

_____ is where filtrate exits Bowman’s space and enters PCT.

A

Urinary or tubular pole.

20
Q

______ is where afferent and efferent arterioles enter/exit.

A

Vascular pole.

21
Q

Podocytes are…..

A

Modified simple squamous cells that make up the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule.

22
Q

Pedicels are…

A

Extensions of podocytes.

23
Q

Space between two pedicels is called ______.

A

Filtration slit

24
Q

________ is a semipermeable membrane covering the filtration slit.

A

Slit diaphragm

25
Q

What cells make up the Parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule?

A

Simple Squamous epithelium

26
Q

Tell me about the proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)….

A
  • confines to the renal cortex
  • Simple cuboidal epithelium
  • Long microvilli called the brush border
  • Fuzzy appearance in slides/pictures
27
Q

What are the 3 structures of the Renal tubule?

A
  • Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
  • Loop of Henle (nephron loop)
  • Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
28
Q

Thick descending limb of the lop of Henle is made of ?

A

simple cuboidal epithelial cells

29
Q

Thin descending limb of lop of Henle is made of ?

A

Simple Squamous epithelial cells

30
Q

Thin ascending limb of the loop of henle is mad of ?

A

Simple squamous epithelial cells

31
Q

Thich ascending limb of loop of henle is made of ?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelial cells

32
Q

Describe the DCT?

A
  • Confined to renal cortex
  • Simple cuboidal epithelium (smaller cells than PCT)
  • Lots of Mitochondria here!
  • Microvilli are fewer and not long (no brush boarder)
  • Lumen of DCT is smoother than PCT
33
Q

What is the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus?

A

Structure where afferent arteriole makes contact with ascending limb of loop of henle. (Macula Densa + Juctaglomerular cells - JGA) *Juxtaglomerular cells are modified muscle cells in arteriole.
* Macula Densa is thickened part of ascending limb.

34
Q

________ collects urine from the DCT.

A

Collecting ducts

35
Q

Collecting ducts are made of what kind of cells?

A

Simple cuboidal cells

36
Q

True or false, Collecting ducts merge and become smaller as they descend through the medulla.

A

False! They merge and become Larger as they descend through the medulla.

37
Q

Trace a drop of urine….sounds exciting….

A

Collecting tubules —> Collecting ducts —> papillary ducts—-> Minor calyx —–> Major Calyx —–> Renal pelvis —->Ureter ——-> Bladder —-> Urethra —–> Toilet water —–> City sewer lines —-> Mississippi river —> gulf of Mexico ——> evaporated into clouds —–> rain in mountain stream ——> your Dasani water bottle Jordan….its the circle of life and it contaminates us all. P.S- don’t worry exposure doesn’t equal infection.

38
Q

Describe the structure of the Calyces, renal pelvis, Ureters & Urinary Bladder….

A 
Same histological stucture, but walls get thicker the closer you get to the bladder. Mucosa
- Transitional epithelium 
- lamina Propria 
Submucosa 
Musclaris
- Smooth muscle layers
Adventitia
39
Q

What is the Volume of the Bladder?

A

Around 250 ml

40
Q

Length of ureters?

A

10-12 inches *Uses peristalsis to propel urine towards bladder

41
Q

Difference between Urethra in males and females?

A

Males have:

  • Prostatic = urothelium
  • Membranous = stratified columnar and pdeudostratified columnar.
  • Spongy = Stratified columnar epithelium & pseudo stratified columnar epithelium distally stratified squamous epithelium.

Females have:
Initially urothelium, then stratified squamous epithelium.

Spring-Anatomy Exam 2 (10 decks)

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