Pelvis & Pelvic floor

Question 1

How is the pelvis divided?

Answer 1

Divided into 2 regions by the pelvic brim.

• False pelvis = above the rim
• Tru pelvis = below the pelvic brim (also called lesser pelvis)

Question 2

The sacrum is made of what?

Answer 2

5 fused sacral vertebrae

Question 3

What are the two Os coax?

Answer 3

Ilium, ischium & pubis?

Question 4

What are the 6 ways to identify female pelvis?

Answer 4

• Oval pelvic brim (male is heart shaped)
• Much wider pubic arch
• more flared iliac wings (alae)
• Ischial tuberosities further apart
• Sacrum shorter & less curved.

Question 5

What is the pubic symphysis?

Answer 5

Ligament that connects both pubic bones.

Question 6

What is the Ant. Sacroiliac ligament?

Answer 6

attaches sacrum to pelvis (also post. sacroiliac ligament

Question 7

what is the Sacrotuberous ligament?

Answer 7

Attached pelvic tubercle to sacrum

Question 8

What is the sacrospinous Ligament?

Answer 8

(anterior to Sacrotuberous lig.) runs from spine of pelvis to inferior portion of sacrum

Question 9

What is the Obturator membrane?

Answer 9

Closes off the obturator foramen (lower border of obturator canal)

Question 10

Where is the interosseous ligament?

Answer 10

between pelvis and superior sacrum (deep to the ant. sacroiliac ligament.)

Question 11

Describe the location and function of the Piriformis muscle.

Answer 11

• Runs from anterior sacrum to greater trochanter
• passes behind greater sciatic notch
• Closes off posterior pelvic outlet

Question 12

Describe the location and function of the Obturator interns muscle…

Answer 12

• tuns from arbitrator foramen to great trochanter

- covered with thick fascia & attaches to elevator ani as tendinous arch

Question 13

What is the largest component of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 13

Levator Ani muscles

Question 14

_______ separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum, formed by muscles and fascia.

Answer 14

Pelvic floor (Pelvic diaphragm)

Question 15

What are the 2 general muscles of the Pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 15

Levator Ani

• Iliococcygeus
• Pubicoccygeus
• Puborectalis

Coccygeus
- assisted by performs & obturator interns muscles.

Question 16

Describe the perineum of the pelvis….

Answer 16

A Diamond shaped region between the thighs made of 2 triangles :

• Urogenital Triangle = Anterior (passage of urinary and genital tract)
• Anal triangle = passage of rectum & anus

Question 17

Describe the Deep Transverse perineal muscles..

Answer 17

• Anterior/inferior to pelvic diaphram
• Composed of deep transverse perineal muscles.
• extends between 2 pubic arches.
• attaches posteriorly to perineal body.
• blends with sphincter muscles of urethra and vagina.

Question 18

What is the path of the ureters and what do they do?

Answer 18

• Transports urine from kidneys to bladder.

- Crosses ext. iliac vessels & descends into pelvis (travel to posterolateral aspect of bladder.

Question 19

In the female, the ______ crosses the ureter.

Answer 19

Uterine artery

Question 20

In the male, ______ crosses the ureter.

Answer 20

ductus deferens

Question 21

What is the urinary bladder made of?

Answer 21

consists of smooth muscle (Detrusor urinae)

Question 22

what is the path of urine?

Answer 22

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra and out!

Question 23

The urethra is shorter in ______.

Answer 23

females

Question 24

Where is the rectum located and what constricts it?

Answer 24

• Locates in the true pelvis superior to the pelvic floor.

- Normally constricted by puborectal sling. (u-shaped puborectalis muscle)

Question 25

Where does the Anal canal?

Answer 25

emerges in anal Triangle inferior to pelvic floor.

• continuous with rectum at anorectal junction & produces curvature at anorectal junction.
• relaxes to allow defecation.

Question 26

What is the prostate gland?

Answer 26

walnut sized gland between bladder & UG diaphragm

Question 27

What is the Spermatic cord?

Answer 27

• Fascial sheath derived from anterior abdominal wall that surrounds ductus deferens, testicular vessels and nerves. *runs from inguinal canal into scrotum.

Question 28

What is the bulbourethral gland?

Answer 28

2 pea sized glands within UG diaphragm and empty into penile urethra.

Question 29

Where are the ovaries housed?

Answer 29

In the true Pelvis

Question 30

Describe the structure and function of the fallopian (uterine) tubes?

Answer 30

• Muscular tubes for transport of ovum to uterus. (sections = isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum & fimbriae)

Question 31

Describe the uterus…

Answer 31

7 cm long (up to 20x larger during pregnancy)

• Usually anteverted & at right angle to vaginal canal.
• Postion changes with full bladder & pregnancy.

Question 32

______ is the inferior neck of the uterus that protrude into the vaginal canal.

Answer 32

Uterine cervix

Question 33

What is the Vaginal fornix?

Answer 33

• Circular gutter that surrounding the cervix.

- deeper post. than ant.

Question 34

What are the 4 Uterine ligaments?

Answer 34

• Suspensory lig. = peritoneum covering ovarian vessels & Nerives
• Broad lig. = Peritoneum covering uterus and adnexa
• Ovarian lig. = anchors ovary to uterus.
• Round lig of uterus = continuation of ovarian ligament (passes through inguinal canal to fuse with labia majora)