Vertebral Column Flashcards

0
Q

What are the primary (kyphotic) curves?

A

Thoracic, sacrococcygeal

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1
Q

How many of each type of vertebra?

A
Cervical.  7
Thoracic. 12
Lumbar. 5
Sacral 5 (Fused)
Coccygeal 4 (fused)
= 26 or 33, depending on how you count.  (24 true freely moving vertebra)
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2
Q

What are the secondary (lordotic) curves?

A

Cervical and lumbar

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3
Q

What are the components of the axial skeleton?

A

Vertebral column + skull + sternum + ribs + sacrum + coccyx

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4
Q

What distinguishes the lumbar from the thoracic vertebrae?

A

1) Lumbar: mammillary and accessory processes
Thoracic: superior/inferior (Demi) costal and transverse costal facets.
2) thoracic: smaller foramen
3) thoracic: SA facets in frontal plane; lumbar: saggital
4) thoracic: spinal process inferiorly angled

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5
Q

What are the typical Thoracic vertebrae?

A

T2-8

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6
Q

What is atypical about T1?

A

One costal facet on each side instead of 2 demifacets

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7
Q

What is atypical about T9-12?

A

Only one costal facet

T11 & 12 missing transverse costal facet

T12 inferior articular facets in saggital plane

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8
Q

What are the typical lumbar vertebrae?

A

L1-4

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9
Q

What is atypical about L5?

A

Body is wedge shaped (thicker anteriorly)

Inferior articular facets face forward (slightly more coronal)

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10
Q

What joints are associated with the lumbar vertebrae?

A

Lumbosacral (L5-S1)
Zygapophyseal (articular facets)
Intervertebral (inferior and superior facets)

Lumbar (t12-l1, then between all the Ls)
Zygapophyseal
Intervertebral

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11
Q

What are the joints of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Intervertebral
Zygapophyseal
Costovertebral
Costotransverse

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12
Q

What type of bone are ribs?

A

Flat

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13
Q

What joints are associated with the rib cage?

A

Sternocostal (sternum -rib)
Costovertebral (rib-vertebra/superior-inferior articulating facets)
Costotransverse (rib - vertebra/transverse costal facet)

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14
Q

True/false/floating ribs

A

True: R1-7 (attach directly to sternum)
False: R8-10 (attach indirectly to sternum)
Floating: R11-12 (don’t attach to sternum)

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15
Q

What is atypical about R1?

A

Shortest and curviest.
Only one facet on head (thus no inter articular crest)
No angle, no costal groove
Has two superior grooves: 1) subclavian vein (ant) 2) subclavian artery (post)
Scalene tubercle between groove and rough area for muscle attachment

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16
Q

What is atypical about R2?

A

Missing groove

Rough area for attachment of scalene

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17
Q

What is atypical about R10?

A

Only one facet at head, so no interarticular crest

May not have tubercle

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18
Q

What is atypical about R11 & R12?

A

Only one facet at head, no interarticular crest
No tubercle
Pointy anterior end for articular cartilage attachment
R11: slight angle and slight groove
R12: no costal groove

19
Q

What are the joints of the sternum?

A

Sternocostal (sternum-rib)
Sternoclavicular (sternum-clavicle)
Xiphysternal (xiphoid process-body of sternum)
Manubriosternal (manubrium-sternal)

20
Q

Which are the typical ribs?

A

R3-9

21
Q

Features of typical ribs:

A

Two facets at head (posterior)
Inferior: articulates the same numbered vertebra
Superior: articulates with vertebra above
Interarticular crest separates the two facets.
Tubercle: made up of an articular (w/facet if TVP) and non-articular surface
Angle (directional change): muscle attachment
Costal Groove: inferior/internal. VAN passage

22
Q

Uncinate processes

A

Unique to c-spine
Lateral on superior surface
Ant/post on inferior surfaces

23
Q

Why are c-spine spinous processes bifid?

A

To allow for extension

24
Q

Superior articulating process (sacrum)

A

Posterior and slightly medially facing

Articulate with L5

25
Q

Transverse lines/ridges (sacrum)

A

Anterior surface

Where vertebral bodies fused.

26
Q

Sacral promontory

A

At s1 where the weight from lumbar spine is transferred; centre of gravity.

27
Q

Anterior/posterior sacral foramina

A

Allows the ventral and dorsal sacral nerves to exit.

28
Q

Pedicals (sacrum)

A

Between sacral foramina and lateral sacral crest

29
Q

Lamina (sacral)

A

In between median and intermediate crests

30
Q

Sacral canal

A

Space for spinal cord/nerves

31
Q

Aurical surface (sacrum)

A

Joint surface for SI joint

32
Q

Median sacral crest

A

Fused spinous process

33
Q

Intermediate sacral crest

A

Fused articular processes

34
Q

Lateral sacral crest

A

Fused transverse processes

35
Q

Sacral tuberosity

A

Ligament attachment

36
Q

Sacral hiatus

A

Infused lamina in s5

37
Q

Sacral Cornu

A

Lateral extension of sacral hiatus. Ligament attachment.

38
Q

Lamina

A

Muscle attachment

39
Q

Pedicle

A

Attach arch to vertebral body.

40
Q

Vertebral notches

A

Superior/inferior

Form intervertebral foramen for nerve roots to exit through.

41
Q

Spinous processes

A

Muscle attachment

42
Q

Mammillary processes

A

Unique to L spine
On posterior/superior articular processes
Muscle attachment

43
Q

Accessory processes

A

Unique to L-spine
Located inferior to the base of TVP
Muscle attachment

44
Q

Superior/inferior articular processes

A

Location for facets of zygapophyseal joints.