Science: Heredity

Question 1

T/F Siblings look similar because they each have some traits of their parents

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T/F Siblings always have the same hair color

Answer 2

False

Question 3

T/F Siblings have identical DNA

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Heredity

Answer 4

passing of genetic material from parents to offspring

Question 5

Who conducted the first major experiments investigating heredity?

Answer 5

Gregor Mendel

Question 6

Who was Gregor Mendel?

Answer 6

A monk who studied science and mathematics before becoming a monk.

Question 7

What was his first major investigation about?

Answer 7

characteristics of peas

Question 8

What is a feature that has different forms in a population?

Answer 8

characteristic

Question 9

What is a true breeding plant?

Answer 9

one that will always produce offspring with a certain trait when allowed to self -pollinate

Question 10

Each different form is called what?

Answer 10

trait

Question 11

All of the traits from the first generation

Answer 11

dominant trait

Question 12

the trait that fades away

Answer 12

recessive trait

Question 13

gene

Answer 13

segment of DNA found in chromosomes that give instructions for producing a certain characteristic

Question 14

Different versions of a gene

Answer 14

allele

Question 15

explain how offspring inherit genes from their parents

Answer 15

offspring get two versions (alleles) one from each parent

Question 16

How are dominant alleles represented?

Answer 16

Capital letters

Question 17

Now are recessive alleles represented?

Answer 17

Lower case letters

Question 18

homozygous

Answer 18

organism with two dominant or two recessive alleles

Question 19

heterozygous

Answer 19

organism with one dominant and one recessive allele

Question 20

What determines the traits of all living organisms

Answer 20

alleles

Question 21

The combination of alleles that you inherited from your parents

Answer 21

genotype

Question 22

observable traits

Answer 22

phenotype

Question 23

This allele contributes to the phenotype if one or two copies are present in the genotype

Answer 23

dominant

Question 24

This allele contributes to the phenotype only when two copies of it are present

Answer 24

recessive

Question 25

What is complete dominance?

Answer 25

when one trait is completely dominant over another

Question 26

Give examples of how many genes can influence one trait.

Answer 26

eye color
skin color
hair color

Question 27

Give an example of how a single gene can influence many traits

Answer 27

a gene in the tiger controls both fur color and eye color, sickle cell anemia

Question 28

Give an example of how environment can influence traits.

Answer 28

• arctic fox gene for hair color, sunlight can change color of hair.
• some traits are learned like reading and writing

Question 29

Give examples of complete dominance.

Answer 29

freckles & dimples

Question 30

Incomplete dominance

Answer 30

each allele in a heterozygous individual influence the phenotype of the parents

Question 31

Give an example of incomplete dominance.

Answer 31

hair texture

snapdragons

Question 32

Codominance

Answer 32

both of the alleles in a heterozygous individual contributes to the phenotype, instead of a blend, the individual has both traits

Question 33

Give and example of codeominance

Answer 33

Human blood type

Question 34

An individual with the genotype BB is heterozygous or homozygous?

Answer 34

homozygous

Question 35

If a blue fish and a yellow fish cross and the offspring are all green, what is this an example of?

Answer 35

incomplete dominance