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7th Grade > Social Studies > Flashcards

Social Studies Flashcards

1
Q

_________ crossed the ice bridge to get to America.

A

Paleo Indians

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2
Q

Where did the Mayans live?

A

Yucatan Peninsula

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3
Q

When the Europeans arrived, most of the Mayans lived where?

A

Guatamala

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4
Q

How did the Mayan leaders get their position?

A

They were inherited

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5
Q

Describe where the Mayans lived.

A

Hot
very few animals
not a lot of rivers

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6
Q

Describe the Mayan Empire

A

There was never a Mayan Empire

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7
Q

What do you call the time in which the Mayans had many accomplishments.

A

Classical Age

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8
Q

What did the Mayans do in order to gain protection from drought, famine and war?

A

Offered sacrifices

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9
Q

Describe the Mayan hierachy

A 
King
Priest
Nobles
Farmers
Slaves
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10
Q

What as the main Mayan diet?

A

Maze

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11
Q

The Mayan number system was based on what number?

A

20

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12
Q

What housing structure did most Mayans live in?

A

huts

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13
Q

Where did Master Mayans live?

A

Temples

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14
Q

What was the name of the Mayan ball game and describe how it was played.

A

Por-a-tok, if you lost you died, Prisoners were used to play the game

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15
Q

Describe the Mayan belief system.

A

They believed in many gods (sun, corn, moon)

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16
Q

Majority of the Mayan people did what for a living.

A

Farmers

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17
Q

Where did the Aztecs live?

A

Mid-1100’s AD they migrated to central Mexico

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18
Q

What is the Aztec capital? When was it founded?

A

Tenochtitlan, 1325 AD

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19
Q

Where was the Aztec religion formed?

A

Mexico

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20
Q

Did the Aztecs sacrifice to gods?

A

yes, they used sharp blades and sacrificed people

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21
Q

Describe the Aztec diet.

A

Lime, tomatoes, cashews, potatoes

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22
Q

Describe the Aztec conflict with the Mayans.

A

There was no conflict, the Aztec were peaceful people

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23
Q

How did the Aztec expand their land?

A

The were worriers and fought

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24
Q

What did the earliest Americans do for a living?

A

they were hunter-gatherers

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25
Q

What were the earliest Americans main crop?

A

Maze

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26
Q

How did the Anasazi grow their crops?

A

they used irrigation to increase food production in the dry climate

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27
Q

Describe the Anasazi housing

A
  • They lived in pit houses dug into the ground
  • Later they built pueblos
  • often built complex houses on cliff walls to defend against attacks
  • they built kivas (sacred areas) at the centers of the community
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28
Q

What may have caused the Anasazi to abandon their villages?

A

Drought, disease and raids by other tribes

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29
Q

Describe how the Native Americans of the North were different than the ones in the South in how they survived.

A

The North Americans of the North were hunters and fishers, the ones of the South were hunters and fishers and also gatherers

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30
Q

Totem pole

A

carved of animals or ancestor spirits

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31
Q

Describe how the Native Americans of the Great Plains survived

A

They were nomadic hunters, survived on abundant wildlife of grasslands

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32
Q

How did the Native Americans of Great Plains live?

A

lived in tepees made of animal hides

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33
Q

Who were the Iroquios League

A

an alliance of many groups that defended one another

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34
Q

Where did the Incas live?

A

Andes Mountains of Peru

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35
Q

What was the name of the capital of the Inca City?

A

Cuzco

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36
Q

List the areas that were a part of the Incas Empire.

A

Northern Ecuador

Central Chile

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37
Q

What was the name of the Inca language?

A

Quechua

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38
Q

List two technological advancement of the Incas?

A

calculator

paved roads

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39
Q

What was Mita?

A

mandatory public service in the society of the Inca Empire, people took turns providing labor for free (eg. building highways)

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40
Q

How did the Incas keep records?

A

a system called quipu using knotted strings

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41
Q

What animals did the Incas use as a beast of burden?

A

Llamas, alpaca and guinea pigs

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42
Q

Why did the Incas create terraces?

A

built to make most efficient shallow soil to enable irrigation of crops

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43
Q

When did Africa first attract the Europeans? What attracted them to Africa?

A

15th century when Vasco da Gama rounded the cape of Good Hope

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44
Q

What year did Vasco da Gama round the Cape of Good Hope?

A

1498

45
Q

Who were the first European slave traders in Africa?

A

Portuguese

46
Q

How did the Portuguese expand the slave trade?

A

They brought slaves to Europe and the New World

47
Q

Why did the Europeans turn to Africa for slaves?

A

They needed workers for the plantations in the New World. They used the Native Indians but the population declined due to ill treatment and disease.

48
Q

Where did the Portuguese take the Africans?

A

Brazil, English, Franch and Dutch Colonies

49
Q

T/F All African societies are patrilineal.

A

False Some are matrilineal and others are patrilineal

50
Q

How was lineage in Africa determined?

A

Inheritances and marriage

51
Q

Describe the African religion.

A

played a major role in their lives
believed that nature if filled with living and non-living spirits, and spirits of ancestors spoke to the elders in dreams

52
Q

What was the nationality of Hernan Cortez?

A

Spanish

53
Q

Conquistador

A

soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas

54
Q

How did Cortez conquer the Aztecs?

A

Enemies of the Aztecs helped him

55
Q

What did the Aztec think about Cortez?

A

They thought that he was a god because someone had a prophecy

56
Q

Why were the Spaniards able to conquer the Natives?

A
  1. superior military technology
  2. Spanish horses frightened the Natives
  3. they had muskets and cannons
  4. Spaniards had metal helmets & armor protected them from the bows & arrows
  5. diseases brought by the Europeans weakened & killed the Natives
  6. division among the Indians helped the Spaniards
57
Q

Where did the Spanish Empire expand?

A

Mexico, Peru, America (California, Puerto Rico, Florida, Mississippi, Oklahoma and Texas)

58
Q

How did the printing press help to spread the Protestant ideas?

A

They printed a large number of Bibles which were given out

59
Q

What were the French Protestants called?

A

Huguenots

60
Q

What helped England’s navy defeat the Spanish Armada?

A

The change of wind direction made the Spanish come out of the sea

61
Q

What happened to the French settlers in Florida?

A

They were chased out of Florida

62
Q

Who founded Puerto Rico?

A

Ponce de Leon & Christopher Columbus

63
Q

Who conquered the Aztecs?

A

Cortez

64
Q

Who conquered the Incas?

A

Pizarro

65
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

religious movement that began as an effort to reform the Catholic church

66
Q

Protestants

A

reformers who protested some of the Catholic Church’s Practices

67
Q

Spanish Armada

A

huge fleet of Spanish war-ships

68
Q

Northwest Passage

A

water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific

69
Q

Jacques Cartiers

A

French explorers who sailed up the St. Lawrence River looking for the Northwest passage

70
Q

Charter

A

document giving permission to start a colony

71
Q

The name of the priest who launched a Protestant Reformation. What year?

A

Martin Luther, 1517

72
Q

Who was the King that took charge of the Protestant Church.

A

King Henry VIII in 1534-he began the Anglican church (Church of England)

73
Q

Describe the war between England and Spain.

A

King Philip II of Spain (Catholic) put together the Spanish Armada. He went to defeat England with more ships but England defeated the Armada. Spain was already in trouble because of inflation.

74
Q

Inflation

A

rise in prices aused by an increase in the amount of money in use

75
Q

Who was Sir Walter Raleigh

A

he was given an English charter that went to North America. He sent colonist to Roanoke, North Carolina which failed. He then went to Jamestown.

76
Q

Where did Sir Walter Raleigh visit first?

A

Roanoke then Jamestown.

77
Q

What was Bacon’s Rebellion?

A

Because they wanted to raise taxes and not everyone could afford to pay it. As a result, they were not allowed to worship freely in the Church. The leaders of England were afraid that the Catholics would ally with the Catholic Counsel.

78
Q

Who was the leader of the Bacon’s Rebellion?

A

Nathaniel Bacon

79
Q

How did the Bacon Rebellion end?

A

Nathaniel Bacon died of a fever and the Rebellion ended

80
Q

What was the name of the company that formed to settle Jamestown?

A

Virginia Company of London

81
Q

Who became the leader of Jamestown?

A

John Smith

82
Q

Who was Pocahontas

A

the daughter of the Powhatan leader who was also the wife of John Rolfe.

83
Q

Who were the Indentured Servants?

A

Europeans who got their trip to America paid for but they ahd to work for Colonists in Virginia

84
Q

How long did the Indentured Servants have to work?

A

7 years

85
Q

Toleration Act 1649

A

Began because of religious conflicts b/w Catholics and Protestants. This bill made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians. The bill did not work

86
Q

Who were Pilgrims

A

group of Puritans who suffered persecution in England. They became immigrants
They cut all ties with the Church of England in order to escape persecution

87
Q

Where did the Pilgrims settle first?

A

Netherlands

88
Q

What was the Mayflower Contract?

A

One of the first times English Colonies tried to govern themselves. A legal contract that gave passengers on the Mayflower fair laws to protect the general good

89
Q

Magna Carter

A

In 1215, English nobles had forced the King to ive them some rights in the Magna Carter

90
Q

How did the Pilgrims learn to fertilize their soil?

A

They invited Tisquantm and 90 Wampanoag guests to a feast known as Thanksgiving

91
Q

The name of the place where Puritans and Merchants Founded?

A

Massachusetts Bay Colony

92
Q

Who lead one of the groups to Massachusetts Bay?

A

John Winthrop

93
Q

Who were voting members of New England?

A

Only chosen male church members could vote

94
Q

What were two things linked in Puritan New England?

A

Politics and Religion

95
Q

Who supported the separation of puritan church?

A

Minster Roger Williams

96
Q

Who was the governor of 12 colonies for 20 years?

A

John Winthrop

97
Q

Who led the first large wave of immigrants from England in 1630?

A

John Winthrop

98
Q

Who was John Winthrop

A

English Puritan Lawyer who was one of the leading figures in the founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony.

99
Q

What was the second major settlement in New England?

A

Massachusetts Bay Colony

100
Q

When did the Queen of England die?

A

1603

101
Q

Who was the Queen of England replaced by?

A

James I (the first)

102
Q

Who did England become allies with in 1604?

A

Spain

103
Q

When was the Virginia Company Founded?

A

1606

104
Q

Crown Colonies

A

Royal Colonies

105
Q

Joint Stock colonies

A

When a king gives a charter

106
Q

Proprietary Colony

A

When you give land as a gift

107
Q

Who was Jamestown named after?

A

King James I

108
Q

Who made a new tobacco?

A

John Rolfe

109
Q

In winter how many colonies were there? How many were left after winter?

A

200 and 64 after winter

7th Grade (14 decks)

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