Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > Rivers & Coasts > Flashcards

Rivers & Coasts Flashcards

1
Q

River Landforms

A

V-Shape valleys
Waterfalls & Gorges
Meanders & Ox-bow lakes
Floodplains & Delta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Coast & River processes

A

Erosion
Transport
Deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Formation of a V-Shaped valley

A

Steep gradient in Upper slope
Faster velocity of water
Vertical erosion is caused as a result
The sides also get weathered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Formation of a Waterfall

A

Hard + soft rock
River reaches soft rock and erodes vertically
Forming Waterfalls & Rapids
Turbulent water at base erodes = plunge pool
Until lip of harder roc is unsupported and falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Formation of Gorges

A

Waterfall retreating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Formation of Meanders

A

Erosion inside + deposition outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Formation of Ox-bow lakes

A

Continuous erosion of neck of meander
River takes easier usually straighter course
Deposition blocks off old meander

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Floodplains

A

Flat valley floors on the banks of rivers which are layered with silt & alluvium left by the river flooding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Deltas

A

Sediment built up in layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of transportation of eroded sediment in rivers

A

Traction- rolled
Saltation- bounced
Suspension- floated
In solution- dissolved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

River case studies

A 
Boscastle flood (2004) - MEDC
Bangladesh - LEDC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Causes of Boscatle flood

A

Saturated Soil
Torrential rainfall (500 mm in 4 hrs)
Small flood plain
Impermeable hillsides
Steep sided valleys running down Boscastle
Located at a confluence of Valency + Jordan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Effects of Boscastle flood

A 
25 businesses destroyed
50 buildings damaged
4 footbridges destroyed
Tourist industry destroyed 
Pavements & Gardens damaged 
Stress + anxiety of locals
Insurance companies paid out £20 m.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Responses of Boscastle flood

A 
Rescue helicopters 
Widened & deepened river 
Defence walls 
Removed trees
Raised land around the river
Improved drainage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of flooding in Bangladesh

A 
Flood plain 
Confluence of Ganges, Brahmaputra + Meghna
Monsoon season
Melting snow + ice from Himalayas
Deforestation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Effects of flooding in Bangladesh

A

766 dead
36 m. affected
Dhaka flooded with sewage
Overtopped many flood protection embankments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Responses to flooding in Bangladesh 1

A

Preparedness programme (Oxfam)
Cluster villages raised 2m above water level
Individual houses raised 2m
Food shelters where livestock can be brought along
Rescue boats
Radios to issue flood warnings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Responses to flooding in Bangladesh 2

A 
Dhaka Integrated Flood Protection Project 
Embankments
Slope protection
Drains 
Sluice gates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Coastal landforms

A 
Headlands
Bays
Wave cut platform
Caves 
Arches
Stacks
Stumps
Beaches 
Spits
Bars 
Lagoons
Cliff
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Types of Erosion

A

Hydraulic action - Water forced into cracks. Compressed air forces rock apart
Abrasion - sediment thrown at cliffs weathering them away
Solution - rock material dissolved by weakly acidic sea water
Attrition - Loose sediments knocked around into smaller and rounder particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Formation of a WCP

A 
Sea erodes base of cliff and undercuts it 
Becomes unstable
Top of cliff collapses
result in a WCN
Continuous erosion of it leads to a WCP
22
Q

Formation of cave, arch and stack

A

Water gets into cracks + through Hydraulic action enlarges
Repeated erosion forms a cave
More erosion forms an arch
The roof of the arch finally collapses

23
Q

Formation of Bay + Headland

A

Coastline made from H & S rock eg. Granite and Chalk
Sea constantly erodes coastline
The S is eroded faster, forming a Bay + leaving the H to jut out as a headland

24
Q

What is Swash

A

The force of waves bringing sediment up a beach

25
Q

What is Backwash

A

Movement of water down a beach by the action of gravity. Moves sediment back towards the sea

26
Q

What are Constructive waves

A

Strong swash

Weak backwash therefore allowing beach material to build up

27
Q

What are Destructive Waves

A

Weak swash

Strong backwash therefore more material is eroded or taken away

28
Q

What is LSD

A

The movement of sediment along the coast by the action of waves

29
Q

Formation of a Tombolo, Bar + Lagoon

A

A tombolo is formed when the spit continues to grow until it reaches an island (like a bridge)
A bar is formed when a spit grows out to join up two headlands
The water inside is a lagoon

30
Q

Formation of a Marsh

A

A Marsh is formed when sand shingle and mud get trapped behind the spit or bar and new land starts to form. eventually grass + plants grow on this stabilising it

31
Q

Why is Blakeney point spit - Norfolk special

A

Rare habitats/plant species

Important breeding area for seals and many sea bird species

32
Q

How has Blakeney point spit - Norfolk been protected/managed

A

Made into a nature reserve

Classified as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) + Special Site of Scientific Interest (SSSI)

33
Q

Causes of Happisburgh

A

Soft rock
Large fetch
Low lying land

34
Q

Effects of Happisburgh

A

Over 26 houses destroyed
Houses being devalued
Agricultural land lost
Businesses and Jobs lost

35
Q

Responses to Happisburgh

A

Added reefs, a sea wall, groynes and revetments in 1950

Now managing retreat

36
Q

Definition of Corrosion

A

The act of particles & water smoothing sediment as if like sandpaper

37
Q

Definition of Hydrological Cycle

A

The cycle of water around our planet in solid, liquid and gas form

38
Q

Definition of Evaporation

A

Water turning into vapour

39
Q

Definition of Transpiration

A

The loss of water through leaves of plants and trees

40
Q

Definition of Precipitation

A

The deposition of water from the atmosphere in a liquid (rain) or solid (snow or hail) form

41
Q

Definition of Surface Runoff

A

All water flowing on the earths surface

42
Q

Definition of Evapotranspiration

A

The sum of evaporation from the earths surface together with the transpiration from plants

43
Q

Definition of Infiltration

A

Seeping of water into soil

44
Q

Definition of Through-flow

A

Movement of water through the soil

45
Q

Definition of groundwater flow

A

Movement of water underground through rocks

46
Q

Definition of Interception

A

Collection of water by vegetation

47
Q

Definition of Water table

A

The upper level of underground water

48
Q

Features of a river

A 
Source 
Confluence
Tributary
Mouth
Estuary
Watershed
49
Q

Definition of Lag time

A

Delay between peak precipitation and peak river discharge

50
Q

River Clyde info

A

160 km
Source is in the southern uplands region of Scotland
Flows NW
The mouth is an estuary on the west coast of Scotland

51
Q

Features and landforms river Clyde flows through

A

3km wide estuary
Glasgow is built on its floodplain (5m above sea level)
Ox-bow lake near uddingston
Falls of Clyde and a gorge
Meanders between motherwell and Glasgow
Interlocking spurs at Crawford (300 and 500m high)
2 tributaries come together to form it

Geography (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions