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Geography > Population & Settlement > Flashcards

Population & Settlement Flashcards

1
Q

Urbanisation

A

Process of urban areas becoming bigger over time

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2
Q

Counter urbanisation

A

The movement of people away from urban areas to rural areas

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3
Q

Push factors

A

A negative reason which pushes you away from a certain place eg crime

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4
Q

Pull factors

A

A positive reason attracting you towards a place

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5
Q

CBD

A

Central Business District, centre of an urban area with commercial value

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6
Q

Infrastructure

A

The network of basic facilities & services that society needs in order to function

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7
Q

Shanty towns

A

Slum areas found in LEDCs

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8
Q

Suburb

A

The area of more expensive residential development on the outskirts of urban areas

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9
Q

Convenience goods

A

Relatively inexpensive & common goods which are purchased frequently eg milk

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10
Q

Urban sprawl

A

The process of urban areas spreading outwards

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11
Q

Specialist goods

A

Useful products/ facilities such as shops and schools

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12
Q

Gentrification

A

The changes that happen when wealthy people buy property in a poor area

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13
Q

Economic migrant

A

Those who move to another country in order to improve their standard of living

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14
Q

Negative effects on the UK because of Poland migration

A

Remittances
Overcrowded services
Racial tension

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15
Q

Negative effects on Poland because of Poland migration

A

Aging population
Brain drain
Shortage of workers

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16
Q

Positive effects on the UK because of Poland migration

A

More economically active people - more tax & more goods to be bought
Increased trade
More skilled labour force

17
Q

Positive effects on Poland because of Poland migration

A

£3 b. sent back as remittances
Helped housing shortage and unemployment
New market for polish goods in UK

18
Q

Pull factors of UK

A

Higher wages
Easy to migrate
Good currency

19
Q

Push factors of Poland

A 
High unemployment (20%)
Low wages (1/3 of UKs)
Housing shortages (3/10)
20
Q

Pull factors of urban China

A

More jobs
Higher wages
Better services eg. school & healthcare (1.1 m. couldn’t go to school in 2001)

21
Q

Push factors of rural China

A

Fewer jobs
Widespread poverty (600 m. survive on less than £2 a day)
Shortage of services

22
Q

Rural China positives

A

Remittances

23
Q

Rural China negatives

A

Aging population

24
Q

Rural China solutions

A

Introduced pensions in 2009 for farmers

25
Q

Urban China positives

A

More workers - stronger economy

26
Q

Urban China negatives

A

Pollution

Not enough infrastructures (270 cities don’t have water treatment plants)

27
Q

Urban China solutions

A

Built vocational/ practical schools

Changed water supply system in 2001 - improving water access & quality

28
Q

Exponential Growth

A

When a population doubles

29
Q

Advantages of rural life (counter urbanisation)

A

Peace & quiet
Low house prices
Low crime

30
Q

Disadvantages of rural life (counter urbanisation)

A 
Less culture
New people don't integrate 
Grown up local children cant afford to live there 
Fewer jobs 
Overcrowded services
31
Q

Advantages of urban life (counter urbanisation)

A

Better services

Higher wages

32
Q

Disadvantages of urban life (counter urbanisation)

A

Pollution
Expensive lifestyle
Crime
Traffic

33
Q

Former Kings Cross

A 
Industry 
Manufacturing 
Transport
High crime rate 
Derelict buildings 
Prostitution
34
Q

Kings Cross now

A

Used recreationally, residentially, educationally, retail & offices
2,000 new houses eg. the art house
More retail ( MAC, waitrose, American Apparel)
New offices
A new University
Cleaned up canal for 45,000 who live there
10 new public spaces eg. Camley street nature park
400 new trees

35
Q

Why was the China one child policy introduced

A

Catastrophic famine from 1959-61 resulted in 35 m. deaths
population increased 55 m. every year
Later, longer, fewer slogan had little effect

36
Q

One child policy benefits for citizens

A 
Free education
Family allowance s
Priority housing 
Pension benefits 
Women must be 20 before marriage 
Men must be 22 before marriage 
Couples must have permission to marry & have a child 
Family planning available at work
37
Q

One child policy problems

A

Illegal female specific abortions
Female infanticide
Major gender imbalance ( 60 m. more men)
4:2:1 ratio

38
Q

One child policy successes

A

400 m. fewer born
Previously forecasted famine not happened
New industries have lifted millions out of poverty

Geography (5 decks)

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