Chapter 5 - Health And Disease - Non-communicble Diseases

Question 1

What is a non-communicable disease?

Answer 1

A disease that can’t be caught/spread between people

Question 2

Why is blood in the arteries under pressure?

Answer 2

Because of the contraction of heart muscles, and so that it reaches all parts of the body

Question 3

What are some factors that decrease blood pressure?

Answer 3

~ regular exercise

~ balanced diet

Question 4

What are some factors that increase blood pressure?

Answer 4

~ being overweight
~ stress
~ high alcohol intake
~ smoking

Question 5

What are veins?

Answer 5

Blood vessels returning blood to the heart

Question 6

What are arteries?

Answer 6

Blood vessels taking blood away from the heart

Question 7

What does systolic mean?

Answer 7

Heart contracts, blood pressure rises, blood moves out along vessels (arteries)

Question 8

What does diastolic mean?

Answer 8

Heart relaxes, blood pressure falls, blood fills heart (veins)

Question 9

What are the two types of thins that cause strokes?

Answer 9

Rupture or a blockage

Question 10

Describe how a rupture causes a stroke:

Answer 10

A blood vessel supplying the brain bursts (haemorrhage) due to high blood pressure. This leads to damage of brain cells - oxygen/blood can’t get to them

Question 11

Describe how a blockage causes a stroke:

Answer 11

An artery supplying the brain becomes blocked with cholesterol or blood clot (thrombosis). Brain cells don’t receive enough oxygen and are damaged - can affect movement

Question 12

What is cholesterol?

Answer 12

A type of lipid - fatty substance

Question 13

What can high blood pressure cause? (Greater than 140/90 - normal = 120/80)

Answer 13

~ stroke
~ heart attack
~ kidney damage

Question 14

What can low blood pressure cause? (Less than 90/60 - normal = 120/80)

Answer 14

~ dizziness
~ fainting
~ poor circulation

Question 15

What is tar?

Answer 15

A chemical sludge of carcinogenic and other poisonous substances

Question 16

What is carbon monoxide?

Answer 16

Produced when things don’t burn properly - stops oxygen getting into your blood

Question 17

What is nicotine?

Answer 17

Addictive chemical in cigarettes - increases heart rate and stimulates brain

Question 18

What is the (basal) metabolic rate?

Answer 18

The rate at which our bodies tick over. It gets set at birth and has effect on the amount of energy your body uses at rest

Question 19

What type of disease is alcoholic liver cirrhosis and why?

Answer 19

Non-communicable disease because it cannot be passed from person to person

Question 20

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 20

To break down toxic substances including alcohol - therefore is likely to be damaged by alcohol