SB3b Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

chromosome

A

A structure found in the nuclei of cells. Each chromosome contains one enormously long DNA molecule packed up with proteins.

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2
Q

daughter cell

A

A cell produced by another cell that has divided.

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3
Q

diploid

A

A cell or nucleus that has two sets of chromosomes. In humans, almost all cells except the sperm and egg cells are diploid.

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4
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid. A polymer made of sugar and phosphate groups joined to bases. One molecule of DNA is found in each chromosome.

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5
Q

egg cell

A

The female gamete in humans.

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6
Q

fertilisation

A

Fusing of a male gamete with a female gamete.

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7
Q

gamete

A

A haploid cell used for sexual reproduction.

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8
Q

gene

A

Section of the long strand of DNA found in a chromosome, which often contains instructions for a protein.

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9
Q

genome

A

All the DNA in an organism. Each body cell contains a copy of the genome.

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10
Q

haploid

A

A cell or nucleus that has one set of chromosomes. Gametes are haploid.

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11
Q

meiosis

A

A form of cell division in which one parent cell produces four haploid daughter cells.

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12
Q

mitosis

A

A form of cell division in which one parent cell produces two diploid daughter cells.

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13
Q

polymer

A

A molecule made out of a chain of repeating similar units (called monomers).

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14
Q

replicate

A

When DNA replicates it makes a copy of itself.

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15
Q

sperm cell

A

The male gamete in humans.

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16
Q

zygote

A

Another term for ‘fertilised egg cell’.