Mod 5: Neuro and Musculoskeletal Ch. 14-15

Question 1

Altered levels of cognition in older adults Not associated or caused by neurological disease are most often caused by

a. polypharmacy
b. tingling in one area or side of the body
c. depression
d. a and b.

Answer 1

a. polypharmacy

Polypharmacy, use of herbal supplements, alcohol, and illicit drug use can alter levels of cognition in the older adult

Question 2

All are tests to evaluate gait except

a. tandem walking
b. ataxic gait
c. walking on toes, then heels
d. knee bends

Answer 2

b. ataxic gait

Tandem walking, walking on toes, then heels and performing knee bends are all tests to assess for gait abnormalities

evaluating gait tests for leg weakness or ataxia and is sensitive for corticospinal tract damage

Question 3

Evaluation of the sensory system requires testing of several kinds of sensation. Which sensation testing is omitted when pain sensation is normal?

a. Light touch
b. vibration
c. Temp
d. proprioception

Answer 3

c. Temp

Question 4

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the symptoms of bells palsy?

a. CN V
b. CN II
c. CN VII
d. none of the above

Answer 4

c. CN VII- facial nerve

bells palsy occurs when the facial nerve becomes inflamed causing symptoms of unilateral facial pain, weakness and drooping, eyelid weakness and reduced tearing

tested by smiling, puffing our cheeks, raising eyebrows observing for tics and asymmetry

Question 5

What are the diagnostic criteria for epilepsy

a. Generalized sz
b. two or more unprovoked sz occurring more than 24 hours apart
c. continuous sz more than 30 minutes
d. two or more unprovoked sz occurring without full consciousness between szs

Answer 5

b. two or more unprovoked sz occurring more than 24 hours apart

Question 6

Which is one of the most common brain tumors in children?

a. Meningiomas
b. pituitary tumor
c. Lymphomas
d. brainstem gliomas

Answer 6

d. brainstem gliomas

Question 7

Which groups of symptoms comprise the classic triad of bacterial meningitis

a. confusion, photophobia, and irritability
b. sz sleepiness, and coma
c. fever headache and neck stiffness
d. nausea vomiting and delirium

Answer 7

c. fever headache and neck stiffness

Question 8

Which reflexes are abnormal if seen in the newborn?

a. sucking
b. rooting
c. blinking at light
d. paradoxical irritability

Answer 8

d. paradoxical irritability

paradoxical irritability- occurs when baby is quiet when laying flat and crying when held could be a symptom of meningitis

Question 9

All are symptoms of peripheral neuropathy except

a. numbness, tingling shooting pain
b. distal muscle weakness
c. muscle cramping due to spasticity
d. reduced touch sensation

Answer 9

c. muscle cramping due to spasticity

Question 10

Which motor symptoms are considered cardinal signs of Parkinson’s disease

a. rest tremors rigidity freezing and rigidity
b. Dysarthria, nystagmus and intention tremor
c. weakness with activity, difficulty walking and skeletal muscle weakness
d. distal muscle weakness, cannot stand on toes/heels, and jerking movement of an extremity

Answer 10

a. rest tremors rigidity freezing and rigidity

Question 11

Which of these muscles is not considered a rotator cuff muscle?

a. Supraspinatus
b. Teres major
c. Infraspinatus
d. Subscapularis

Answer 11

b. Teres major

The three rotator cuff muscles are supraspinatus, teres minor, infraspinatus and subscapularis

sx of rotator cuff tear are hx of truauma/ repetitive movements, pain and weakness with over head activity especially in dominant arm

diagnosis is empty can test

Question 12

The Lachman test is specifically testing for which knee ligament?

a. ACL
b. PCL
c. MCL
d. LCL

Answer 12

a. ACL

Question 13

Which is not considered a sign, symptom or history factor of RA

a. Multiple join involvement
b. positive family history
c. 30 to 60 minutes of stiffness in the morning
d. more common in women than in men

Answer 13

c. 30 to 60 minutes of stiffness in the morning

RA is chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the joints, that is more common in women and can lead to debilitating pain and deformity

classification criteria involves three or more of the following sx:
positve RF factor
inc crp and sed rate
**duration lasting longer than 6 weeks
sx women 
middle-aged
hx smoking 
positive family history 
**multiple joints affected
 tender/edema
**morning stiffness lasting 1 to 2 hours.

Question 14

The medical term for knock-kneed is
a. genu recurbatum
b. genu abductus
c. genu valgus
d, genu varus

Answer 14

c. genu valgus

Question 15

The Ottawa rules say ankle X-ray are indicated for all but

a. point tenderness over medial malleolus
b. inability to walk after injury
c. swelling over lateral malleolus
d. point tenderness over lateral malleolus

Answer 15

c. swelling over lateral malleolus

does not include edema

Question 16

If a person can move a joint through the entire range motion against gravity, but not against resistance, they are considered to have what grade of strength

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

Answer 16

b. 3

Question 17

a popeye deformity is a sign of what injury

a. rotator cuff tear
b. biceps tear
c. proximal biceps rupture
d. latera epicondylitis

Answer 17

c. proximal biceps rupture

Question 18

The dorsum of the foor is innervated by what nerve root

a. L3
b. L4
c. L5
d. S1

Answer 18

c. L5

Question 19

Gower's sign is typically associated with which disease 
a. muscular dystrophy
b. CP
c, RA
d. OA

Answer 19

a. muscular dystrophy

Gower’s sign is a sign of muscle weakness

Question 20

A positive Trendelenburg sign is indicative of weakness to what muscle

a. gluteus maximus
b. vastus lateralis
c. gluteus maximus
d. osteoarthritis

Answer 20

a. gluteus maximus

could be a sign of weak abductors of the hop, specifically in the glutes Medius and gluteus maximus