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ECOS II Midterm > Lymphatics > Flashcards

Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three anatomic components of the lymphatic system?

A

lymph fluid, lymphatic vessels, and organized lymphatic tissues/ organs

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2
Q

what is the physiologic function of the lymphatic system?

A

it plays a major role in numerous homeostatic mechanisms of the body; maintain fluid balance, tissue cleansing, defense, and nutrition

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3
Q

when does lymphatic development begin?

A

during the 5th week of gestation

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4
Q

what happens when fluid overload occurs?

A

the lymphatic system helps prevent tissue damage by clearing the excess

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5
Q

what does the lymph node act as?

A

a purifying filter

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6
Q

how does the lymphatic system act as a defense mechanism?

A

lymph fluid brings toxins into contact with the organized lymph tissues, which contain high concentrations of immune cells

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7
Q

how does the lymphatic system aid in nutrition?

A

via fat absorption via chylomicrons

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8
Q

how do chylomicrons travel?

A

via lacteals into larger lymph vessels, which drain into the thoracic duct, which then drains into the venous system

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9
Q

What is lymph fluid?

A

substances that leak out of the arterial capillaries into the interstitium–> gets taken up by the lymphatic capillaries

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10
Q

what are the 4 tissues that do not have lymphatic vessels?

A

epidermis (including hair and nails), endomysium of muscle, cartilage, and bone marrow

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11
Q

what is the pathway of lymph?

A

terminal lymphatics–> collecting vessels–>afferent lymph vessels–>lymph nodes–> efferent lymph vessels–>lymphatic trunks–> thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct–>venous system

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12
Q

where does lymph formation begin?

A

in the interstitial space of tissues with the initial lymphatics/terminal lymphatics/ lymph capillaries

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13
Q

what makes up the collecting vessels?

A

chains of muscular units called lymphangions

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14
Q

what do lymphangions look like?

A

two-leaflet bicuspid valves

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15
Q

what is the role of the lymphangions?

A

they contract regularly throughout the lymphatic system move lymph in peristaltic waves

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16
Q

what is the innervation of the collecting vessels?

A

autonomic inenrvation

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17
Q

what is the most highly organized lymphoid tissue?

A

lymph nodes

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18
Q

what are the two types of lymph nodes?

A

superficial and deep

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19
Q

what is the pathway of lymph flow through a lymph node?

A

afferent lymphatics-subcapsular space-outer cortex-deep cortex-medullary sinus-efferent lymphatics

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20
Q

what region of the lymph node is rich in B cells?

A

outer cortex

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21
Q

what region is dominated by T cells?

A

deep cortex

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22
Q

where are the germinal centers found in the lymph node?

A

in the outer cortex

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23
Q

what do the lumbar lymphatic trunks drain lymph from?

A

lower limbs and pelvic organs

24
Q

what do the intestinal lymphatic trunks drain lymph from?

A

the abdominal viscera

25
Q

what do the bronchomediastinal lymphatic trunks drain lymph from?

A

portions of the thorax

26
Q

what do the subclavian lymphatic trunks drain lymph from?

A

upper limbs

27
Q

what do the jugular lymphatic trunks drain lymph from?

A

portions of the neck and head

28
Q

what do the lymphatic vessels (efferent lymphatics) drain into?

A

lymphatic trunks

29
Q

where is the cisterna chyli located?

A

at the level of L1-L2

30
Q

what do the lymphatic trunks of the lower body drain into?

A

the cisterna chyli

31
Q

what does the cisterna chyli give rise to?

A

the thoracic duct

32
Q

what does the right lymphatic duct drain?

A

right head/neck, RUE, right thorax, heart, lungs (EXCEPT the LUL)

33
Q

what is virchow’s node?

A

an enlarged node at the left supra-clavicular point

34
Q

what is an enlarged virchow’s node indicative of?

A

intra-thoracic/ abdominal cancer

35
Q

what are enlarged epitrochlear nodes (medial epicondyle) indicative of?

A

secondary syphilis

36
Q

where is the spleen located?

A

beneath ribs 9-11 on the left

37
Q

what does it mean when it is said that an organ is pressure-sensitive?

A

movement of the diaphragm drives the organ’s fluid movement

38
Q

where is half of the body’s lymph formed?

A

in the liver

39
Q

where is the thymus located?

A

anterior mediastinum

40
Q

what replaces the thymus after puberty involutes?

A

fatty tisse

41
Q

what is the function of the thymus?

A

maturation site for T cells; there is little to no function in adults

42
Q

what are the 3 types of tonsils and where are they located?

A

all located in the posterior oropharynx; palatine, lingual, and pharyngeal

43
Q

what is the visceral lymphoid tissue?

A

the GALT and the pulmonary lymphoid tissue

44
Q

what two cell types make up the GALT?

A

peyer’s patches and lacteals

45
Q

what is normal interstitial fluid pressure?

A

negative -6.3 mmHg

46
Q

what happens when the interstitial fluid pressure rises above 0?

A

the lymph capillaries collapse and flow ceases

47
Q

what could cause the interstitial fluid to rise above 0?

A

increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure, increased capillary permeability

48
Q

with each breath, what does contraction of the thoracic diaphragm cause?

A

it increases the negative intrathoracic pressure , which pulls the fluid centrally

49
Q

when might the pelvic diaphragm contractions be dysfunctional?

A

dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, post labor and delivery, BPH

50
Q

what is the effect of increased sympathetic tone on lymph valves?

A

it causes tighter valves, so therefore there is decreased lymph flow into the venous system

51
Q

what is the effect of increased sympathetic tone on lymphatic smooth muscle?

A

it causes decreased peristalsis, which leads to lymphatic congestion

52
Q

what are the main effects of edema?

A

compression of local structures, decreased tissue waste removal, decreased pathogen clearance and immunity

53
Q

what are two absolute contraindications of lymphatic OMT?

A

anuria and necrotizing fasciitis

54
Q

what are the fascial patterns of Zinc?

A

they describe the fascial restriction patterns that cause restriction of lymphatic flow

55
Q

which zinc pattern is indicative for treatment?

A

uncompensated patterns

ECOS II Midterm (19 decks)

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