Professional Orientation and Ethics

Question 1

Which group has been most instrumental in opposing counselor licensure?

a. social workers
b. psychiatrists
c. psychologists
d. AAMFT members

Answer 1

c.

Question 2

In the late 1970s, AACD (known as ACA since 1992) began to focus very heavily on professional credentialing. This led to the formation of the

a. CCMHC
b. NBCC
c. CACREP, formed in 1981
d. APGA, formed in 1952

Answer 2

b. National Board for Certified Counselors

Question 3

By passing the NCE, a counselor can attain ______, given via NBCC.

a. NCC, a generic certification for counselors
b. NCC, a speciality mental health certification for counselors
c. NCC, national certification for school counselors
d. MAC, master addictions counselor

Answer 3

a.

Question 4

Which choice would most likely violate the counseling ethic or law termed “scope of practice”?

a. a counselor who is using good accurate empathy with a client, but fails to confront her about her excessive drinking
b. a licensed counselor who gives the client a DSM diagnosis code for insurance
c. a counselor who is too active-directive with a client
d. a counselor who is conducting a strict Freudian psychoanalysis with the client

Answer 4

d. you must disclose your “scope of practice” to all potential clients

Question 5

Ethical guidelines were first created for the helping professions in 1953 when the American Psychological Association (APA) published their first code of ethics. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) created their code in 1960, and in 1961, the organization that is now ACA adopted ethics for counselors. Ethics always describe

a. laws
b. universal principles which apply to all helpers
c. standards of conduct imposed by ACA and NBCC
d. all of the above

Answer 5

c.

Question 6

Most ethical dilemmas are related to

a. confidentiality
b. testing
c. diagnosis
d. research

Answer 6

a.

Question 7

The landmark 1969 case, Tarasoff versus the Board of Regents of the University of Cal illuminated

a. difficulties involved in client/counselor sexual behavior
b. ethical issues in relation to research
c. the duty to warn a client in imminent danger
d. the impact of an impaired professional

Answer 7

c

Question 8

State laws can govern title usage and practice, however, they do not govern

a. accreditation
b. counselor licensure
c. psychologist licensure
d. involuntary commitment to state psychiatric facilities

Answer 8

a.

Question 9

An exception to confidentiality could occur when a client is suicidal. Suicidal warning signs include

a. repeatedly joking about killing one’s self
b. giving away prized possessions after one has been depressed for an extended period of time
c. a previous suicide attempt and a very detailed suicide plan for the future
d. all of the above.

Answer 9

d.

Question 10

A statement of disclosure could include all except

a. a list of the courses the counselor took in graduate school
b. the counselor’s qualifications, office hours, and billing policies
c. emergency procedures and therapy techniques utilized
d. a statement that confidentiality is desirable, but cannot be guaranteed in a group setting

Answer 10

a.

Question 11

Privileged communication refers to the fact that anything said to a counselor by a client

a. can be revealed in a court of law if the counselor decides it is beneficial
b. can be revealed only if a counselor testifies in court
c. is protected by laws in every state.
d. will not be divulged outside the counseling setting without the client’s permission

Answer 11

d.

Question 12

In regard to state law and privileged communication, counselors must be aware that

a. privileged communication exists in every state in the union for LPCs
b. laws are unclear and may vary from state to state
c. there are no laws which govern this issue
d. state psychology laws are applicable in this respect

Answer 12

b.

Question 13

When counselors state that privileged communication is “qualified,” they actually mean that

a. the counselor must have certification before privileged communication applies
b. privileged communication applies only to doctoral level counselors
c. exceptions may eist
d. all of the above

Answer 13

c.

Question 14

You are a counselor in a state that does not legally support privileged communication. You refuse to testify in court. In this situation

a. ACA will back you for doing the ethical thing
b. NBCC will back you if you and only if you have attained NCC status
c. you need not testify if your case was supervised by a licensed psychologist and/or psychiatrist
d. you could be held in contempt of court

Answer 14

d.

Question 15

An 11-year old child comes to your office with a black eye and tells you she can’t remember how she received it. You have reason to suspect abuse. You should

a. be empathic and discuss her feelings regarding the matter
b. drop the matter as it could embarrass her
c. refer her to a medical doctor of your choice
d. call the child abuse/neglect hotline

Answer 15

d.

Question 16

During a counseling session a 42 year old male client threatens suicide. You should

a. keep it a secret as the client is not a minor
b. call the state child abuse/neglect hotline even though he is an adult
c. call his wife and mention that a serious problem but be very careful not to discuss the issue of suicide since to do so would violate the client’s confidentiality
d. contact his wife and advise her of possible suicide precautions

Answer 16

d.

Question 17

A 39 year old female secretary you are seeing in your assertive training group reveals that she is plotting to shoot her husband. Based on the Tarasoff case you should

a. warn the husband
b. keep it confidential because an assertiveness training group is decidedly not the same as one-to-one counseling
c. make a police report in the city in which the husband resides
d. tell a supervisor, administrator, or board member is one exists, but do not contact her husband

Answer 17

a.

Question 18

You pass your exam and now have NCC status. During a staff meeting a clinical director explains to you that, from an ethical standpoint, your primary duty is to the agency. Most experts in the field of counselor education would

a. agree with this position with very few reservations
b. disagree inasmuch as professional ethics emphasize that your primary responsibility is to your clients
c. disagree inasmuch as professional ethics emphasize that your primary responsibility is to the ACA
d. say that, according to “aspirational ethics” your agency comes first

Answer 18

b.

Question 19

One impetus for counselor licensing was that

a. ACSW wanted to restrict counselors
b. politicians demanded that counselors be licensed
c. psychology licensure bodies sought to restrict the practice of counselors so counselors could not receive third party payments from insurance and managed care companies
d. insurance companies pushed strongly for it

Answer 19

c.

Question 20

A counselor who possesses a graduate degree wishes to become a licensed psychologist. Which statement most accurately depicts the current situation?

a. Any counselor can easily become a psychologist if he or she can pass the EPPP
b. A counselor can become a licensed psychologist by taking three graduate credit hours in physiological psychology and then passing the EPPP
c. In nearly every case individuals trained in counseling departments would not be allowed to sit for the EPPP and thus could not becomes licensed psychologists
d. A counselor with a doctorate in counseling could be licensed as a counseling psychologist if he or she has a degree from a recognized department of counseling.

Answer 20

c.

Question 21

A woman who is in private practice mentions in her phone book advertisement that she is a licensed counseling psychologist. This generally means that

a. she has a doctorate from a counselor education program
b. she has a graduate degree from a psychology department
c. she has a degree from a CACREP program
d. she has a degree in counseling but is trained in projective testing

Answer 21

b.

Question 22

One major difference between the psychology versus the counseling movement seems to be that

a. the psychologists are working to eliminate practitioners with less than a doctorate, while the counselors are not
b. counselors are working to give up tests for licensure
c. psychology boards are made up primarily of psychiatrists
d. in most states psychologists do not need to take an exam

Answer 22

a.

Question 23

APA is to psychologist as ACA is to

a. APGA
b. certified clinical mental health counselor
c. counselor
d. NCC

Answer 23

c.

Question 24

You have achieved the status of NCC. NBCC, nevertheless, feels you have violated professional ethics. NBCC can do any of the following except

a. revoke your state counseling license
b. remove your name from the list of NCCs in the US
c. revoke your NCC status
d. note in their newsletter that your NCC status has been revoked

Answer 24

a.

Question 25

A counselor who is alcoholic and suffering from burnout could best be described as

a. a mesomorph
b. an impaired professional
c. a paraprofessional
d. a counselor who is wise enough to use his own experiences to help others

Answer 25

b.

Question 26

Counselor certification

a. is synonymous with licensure
b. is synonymous with program certification
c. recognizes that you have reached a level of competence and thus are authorized to use a title
d. is primarily a legal process

Answer 26

c.

Question 27

A woman comes to you for help with an eating disorder. You have no experience or training in this area. Ethically you should

a. refer this client to a colleague who is indeed trained and experienced with this type of client
b. keep the client and work on her general lack of self esteem
c. tell the client you will do a comprehensive Internet search on the topic and then begin seeing her
d. explain to the client that a symptom such as eating or not eating is not the real problem and that counseling focuses on real underlying issues.

Answer 27

a.

Question 28

Virginia was the first state to license counselor in 1976. The APGA (later AACD and now ACA) division that was initially the most instrumental in pushing for licensing was the

a. American College Personnel Association
b. American School Counselor Association
c. Association for Specialists in Group Work
d. American Counselor Education and Supervision

Answer 28

d.

Question 29

The problem with income sensitive or sliding fee scales (based on the client’s ability to pay) is that

a. scales of this kind are unethical
b. scales of this nature are illegal
c. it is difficult to administer them in a fair manner
d. scales like this are used frequently; however, they are unethical and illegal

Answer 29

c

Question 30

One possible negative aspect of counselor licensure is that

a. counselors would receive more third-party payments
b. counselors might be accepted as providers by insurance companies
c. counselors may not be as creative during their graduate work and simply take courses aimed at fulfilling the requirements to take the licensure exam
d. it will take business away from psychologists

Answer 30

c

Question 31

A client wants his records sent to a psychiatrist he is seeing. You should

a. advise against it based on current research
b. refuse to do so based on ethical guidelines
c. first have the client sign a dated release of information form that stipulates whether the information can be released once and then you can send the info
d. call the psychiatrist to discuss the case but explain that state law prohibits a counselor from sending anything in writing about the client.

Answer 31

c

Question 32

You are a licensed professional counselor in one state but you will soon relocate to another state. The new state informs you that they will grant you reciprocity or so-called endorsement. You will thus

a. simply need to take the licensing test in the new state
b. be permitted to practice in the new state based on your current credentials without taking another exam
c. need to take numerous graduate courses
d. not be allowed to practice until you serve an internship

Answer 32

b.

Question 33

According to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974 (also known as the Buckley Amendment)

a. a parent can see his or her daughter’s middle school record
b. an 18 year old college student can view his or her own educational record
c. a and b
d. a and b are both illegal

Answer 33

c.

Question 34

You are a school counselor who wishes to refer an orthopedically disabled student to a private therapist. In general, the best referral would be to

a. a CRC
b. a MAC
c. a licensed clinical psychologist
d. a licensed social worker

Answer 34

a. CRC stands for Certified Rehabilitation Counselor

Question 35

A registry would be

a. a list of licensed psychologists in the state of Illinois
b. a list of CRCs in the US
c. a and b
d. the registration process for counselor licensure in the state of Missouri

Answer 35

c. list of providers

Question 36

A counselor wins the lottery and closes her practice without telling her clients. This counselor’s course of action is best described as

a. a multiple r/s
b. defamation
c. abandonment
d. nonmaleficence

Answer 36

c.

Question 37

You are counseling your first cousin for depression. This is

a. ethical
b. not actually an ethical issue
c. ethical if you continue to counsel her and refer her to a psychiatrist for an antidepressant
d. generally unethical as it would constitute a dual or so-called multiple r/s

Answer 37

d.

Question 38

A counselor who sports NCC after her name

a. will need not concern herself with continuing education
b. will need three graduate courses every 10 years
c. will never receive credit for workshops but should attend for her own personal growth nevertheless
d. will need a specified amount of continuing education contact hours before she can be re-certified, or she will need to take the NCE again

Answer 38

d.

Question 39

You find yourself sexually attracted to a client. This is known as

a. countertransference
b. ambivalent transference
c. negative transference
d. positive transference

Answer 39

a.

Question 40

Your sexual attraction toward your client is hindering the counseling process. You should

a. continue treatment but be honest and empathic with the client
b. ignore your feelings; after all you are a professional
c. explain this to the client and then refer the client to another provider
d. continue to see the client but ignore psychosexual topics

Answer 40

c.

Question 41

A malpractice or liability insurance company is least likely to defend you if

a. you are sexually involved with a client
b. you violate confidentiality
c. you do not have a client sign a release of info and send a record to another agency or provider
d. you call a state child abuse hotline and a client takes legal action since the child was actually the victim of an accident

Answer 41

a.

Question 42

Computers are now being used in various counseling settings. Counselors speak of Computer Assisted Counseling (CAC) and Computer Managed Counseling (CMC). An office that employs a computer to schedule clients would be an example of

a. CMC
b. CAC
c. an ethical violation
d. the misuse of computers, though the practice is ethical

Answer 42

a.

Question 43

A college student who suffers from panic disorder types his symptoms and concerns onto a PC screen and then waits for the computer program to respond or question him further. The student engages in this practice for one 40-minute session per week. This is an example of

a. CAC
b. CMC
c. Computer Managed Counseling
d. b and c

Answer 43

a.

Question 44

As a professional counselor you develop a self-help software package for use by the general public. Ethics indicate that

a. the package must be designed to use with counseling
b. the package must be designed to use with counseling and then modified for stand-alone usage
c. the package must be initially designed for stand-alone usage as opposed to modifying a package requiring counselor support
d. this is an unethical practice

Answer 44

c.

Question 45

Which statement best describes the counseling profession’s reaction to computer assisted counseling and computer managed counseling?

a. Counselors are very humanistic and seem to dislike CMC and CAC technology
b. Counselors have welcomed both forms of computer technology with open arms
c. CMC has been well received since it cuts down time on paperwork, scheduling, and record keeping, but there is a mixed reaction to CAC as some feel it depersonalizes counseling
d. Counselors dislike CMC but praise CAC highly

Answer 45

c.

Question 46

You are a supervisor at a sexual abuse treatment agency. Sally is one of your counselors and you give her a performance rating on a yearly basis. Sally has been having panic attacks on a daily basis at home for almost a month and her physician feels that counseling rather than medicine is indicated. Now - for the first time - she has a terrible panic attack at work. If you don’t see her the nearest counselor is 150 miles away. You should

a. refer her to the counselor who is 150 miles away
b. absolutely refuse to see her as dual r/s violate ethical guidelines
c. teach her relaxation but refuse to counsel her
d. attempt to counsel her

Answer 46

d. exceptions are made - individual’s situation warrants counseling intervention and another alternative is unavailable

Question 47

A counseling journal article should use documentation (i.e., references) that is based on

a. APA style
b. MLA style taught in most English composition classes
c. a or b
d. none of the above

Answer 47

a.

Question 48

A 14-year old male threatens to blow up his parents’ garage because he has been grounded. You believe his threat is genuine. You should

a. ask the child if he will sign a release of info so you can talk to his parents
b. not talk to his parents since this would weaken the bond of trust you have with the client
c. have the child sign a contract stating he will not blow up the garage but mention nothing to the parents
d. warn the parents that their property is in danger

Answer 48

d.

Question 49

A 16-year-old girl threatens to kill herself and you fail to inform her parents. Your bx as a counselor is best described as

a. an example of a dual r/s
b. an example of informed consent
c. an example of negligence, which is a failure to perform a duty, which in this instance is an obligation to protect the client
d. multiple submission

Answer 49

c.

Question 50

NBCC has developed a Code of Ethics to help counselor behave in a professional manner. The code is divided into a preamble and seven sections. The first section warns against stereotyping and discrimination. All of the following would be examples of stereotyping and discrimination except

a. advising an African-American client to avoid graduate school because you believe the Jensen research regarding Blacks and IQ scores
b. advising a client to consider switching his college major based on your clinical judgement as well as the results from an extensive test battery
c. advising a female client to avoid taking a management position because you feel women are generally nonassertive
d. advising a female client to avoid taking a management position because you feel women managers are generally too aggressive

Answer 50

b

Question 51

Section A, which is the general section of NBCC’s Code of Ethics, cautions counselors against sexual harassment defined as “unwelcome comments, gestures, or physical contacts of a sexual nature.” An example of an ethics violation in this respect would be

a. a female counselor who repeatedly tells a male client how sexy his hairy chest looks when he leaves his shirt unbuttoned
b. a male counselor who smiles to reinforce a female client (who is overly critical of her looks) who has just said that she is beginning to accept her feminine qualities
c. a female career counselor who tells a male client that she feels his gray flannel suit would be the most appropriate for a given job interview
d. when a client who has been very depressed and neglecting her looks comes into the therapy session looking much better and the counselor comments, “You certainly look nice today.”

Answer 51

a.

Question 52

You are a well-known cognitive bx therapist who heads up a private practice in New Jersey. For the next two years you will be in Canada conducting a research project. Your practice has six other counselors. The practice is sending brochures to schools, agencies, and hospitals in an attempt to boost referrals. Your name appears on the front of the brochures as if you are available for referrals. This is

a. totally ethical
b. unethical
c. possibly ethical and possibly unethical. Not enough info is given to answer this question
d. irrelevant since ACA and NBCC ethics do not address private practice

Answer 52

b.

Question 53

A colleague of yours who is not a certified counselor behaves in an unethical manner. The ethical thing for you to do is

a. ignore it; unfortunately you have no rights in this situation
b. consult the school the person graduated from
c. attempt to rectify the condition via institutional channels turning to NBCC procedures if this fails
d. all of the above are considered ethical

Answer 53

c.

Question 54

A client asks you for classical psychoanalysis yet you have no training whatsoever in this area. If you agree to analyze the client, you are

a. violating the duty to warn
b. still ethical if you possess LPC or NCC
c. unethical as this is misrepresentation
d. still ethical if and only if you have a doctorate

Answer 54

c.

Question 55

A client needs counseling but can afford only $5 per session. As a private practitioner you charge $75 per hour. You should

a. still charge the client $75 per hour, but let her pay you $5 per week indefinitely until she has actually paid your normal rate
b. be firm and tell her the fee is $75 per hour regardless of her income
c. immediately refer her to a state funded agency
d. consider the client’s financial status and the locality and offer her a reduced rate

Answer 55

d

Question 56

Dr. X recommends to his agency clients that he would rather counsel them in his private practice. Ethically speaking

a. Dr. X has every right to do this
b. Dr. X is diverting agency clients to his practice and this is unethical
c. guidelines do not address this practice
d. NBCC encourages this method for private practitioners

Answer 56

b.

Question 57

Section B of NBCC’s Code of Ethics deals with the counseling r/s. Thus a counselor who uses a paradoxical strategy

a. has committed a blatant ethics violation
b. does not need to explain the purposes of the paradox to the client
c. should explain the purpose of this technique to the client
d. must tape record the interview

Answer 57

c.

Question 58

A counselor is counseling an executive secretary. The counselor notes that he is writing a book and explains to the client that he will see her for free if she types the manuscript. This is

a. known as bartering and unethical as described here
b. known as bartering and ethical
c. known as bartering and is highly recommended for clients with limited income
d. is known as bartering and ethics encourage this practice whenever possible

Answer 58

a.

Question 59

Ethics state that a counselor should _____ all clients for group counseling.

a. diagnose
b. test
c. screen
d. a and b

Answer 59

c.

Question 60

You are a middle school counselor at a public school. A child is threatening to kill another student and admonishes you to keep it a secret. According to the ethical principle of minimal disclosure the best course of action would be to

a. try to talk the client out of his plan of action but do not violate his confidentiality by telling anyone else
b. call the major radio and tv stations as research clearly indicates that publicity can stop school tragedies
c. call the police and give them a complete blow by blow description of the counseling session
d. inform the parents of the student in danger, inform the principal, and call the police immediately, discussing only material related to the threat

Answer 60

d.

Question 61

Your agency uses a collection agency when clients don’t pay their bills. You should

a. not take a chance on degrading the therapeutic r/s by mentioning it
b. explain to the client that ethically the agency can do this; however a private practitioner is not allowed to use a collection agency and thus a private counselor might be a wiser choice
c. inform the client of this before the counseling begins
d. never do this as it is unethical in our field

Answer 61

c.

Question 62

You have just made a landmark discovery which you feel could literally change the entire field of counseling and thus you write an article which depicts your findings. The next step would be to

a. submit the article to no more than two journals simultaneously
b. submit the article to every major APA and ACA journal published
c. submit the article to one publication at a time despite your conviction that the article must get published
d. write NBCC and request permission for multiple submission privileges

Answer 62

c

Question 63

Section F of NBCC’s Code of Ethics is concerned with ethics related to consulting. Consulting or consultation can best be defined as

a. a brand or paradigm of brief psychotherapy
b. a brand or paradigm of long-term psychotherapy
c. a systematic process based on classical conditioning
d. a voluntary r/s between a professional helper and a help-needing individual, group, or social unit in which the consultant helps define or solve problems related to clients, the client system, or work0related issues

Answer 63

d.

Question 64

Section G of NBCC’s Code of Ethics describes ethical issues related to private practice. Which of these situations is clearly an ethics violation?

a. A private practitioner who advertises in the Yellow Pages
b. A private practitioner who advertises in a daily newspaper
c. A counselor who terminates a professional r/s with a client because she feels it is no longer productive for her client
d. An executive director of a private practice who has his name listed in a Yellow Pages advertisement as a counseling provider despite the fact that he is out of the country and is engaged in a research project for the next two years.

Answer 64

d.

Question 65

Nosology refers to a system of classification. Name the nosological system(s) utilized by professional counselors who diagnose clients

a. DSM
b. ICD
c. a and b
d. The Rogerian classification system

Answer 65

c.

Question 66

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was created by the American Psychiatric Association. The Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death (ICD) was created by the World Health Organization (WHO). Which counselor would most likely be required to utilize one of these guides to diagnose a client?

a. A counselor who wishes to secure insurance (i.e., third party) payments
b. A guidance counselor discussing a child with a teacher
c. A multicultural counselor who is seeing a Black client
d. counselor leading a T-group

Answer 66

a.

Question 67

Traditionally, _______ counseling has caused the most ethical concerns.

a. behavioral
b. person-centered
c. humanistic
d. reality therapy

Answer 67

a. concern behavior therapists can control, manipulate, and shape bx.

Question 68

Insurance payments are also called

a. mandated payments
b. third-party payments
c. optional payments
d. psychometric payments

Answer 68

b.

Question 69

The DSM uses a multiaxial classification system with five axes. Diagnostic codes have _______ digits.

a. five
b. four
c. nine (which correspond to the DOT).
d. 12

Answer 69

a.

Question 70

Identify the DSM code

a. 29622
b. 29,622
c. 303.90
d. 2962.2

Answer 70

c

Question 71

As you are reading the DSM you see this code: 296.2X. In this case the X (i.e, the fifth digit) refers to

a. severity, and thus it will be replaced with a diagnostic number
b. an adjustment disorder
c. developmental disorder
d. physical disorders and conditions

Answer 71

a.

Question 72

In the DSM the so-called V Codes refer to conditions which are not attributable to a mental condition. An example of a V Code would be

a. 6282.V
b. 62V.82
c. 628V2
d. V62.82

Answer 72

d.

Question 73

An example of a V Code diagnosis would be

a. Major Depression Single Episode Mild
b. Borderline Personality
c. Uncomplicated Bereavement
d. Cocaine Dependence

Answer 73

c.

Question 74

Formal diagnosis, also known as nosology, is most closely related to the ______ model.

a. behavioral
b. medical
c. cognitive-behavioral
d. rational-emotive behavior therapy

Answer 74

b.

Question 75

Which DSM dx indicates the most serious pathology?

a. 296.21
b. 296.22
c. 296.23
d. 296.24

Answer 75

d.

Question 76

The type of mental health service provided to the client is coded via _________ and is generally required for insurance payments.

a. DSM (e.g., 296.22)
b. the ICD (e.g., 311)
c. the AMA’s Current Procedural Terminology
d. the Psychiatric Dictionary

Answer 76

c. CPT notes why type of therapy provided

Question 77

You refer a client to Dr. Smith. Ethically, Dr. Smith

a. may not pay you a referral fee for sending her the client
b. may pay you a referral fee if you have a written contract with her
c. may pay you a referral fee if she has expertise in the client’s area of concern and you don’t
d. can pay you a referral fee if and only if she is a psychiatrist

Answer 77

a.

Question 78

You have written a popular book on reality therapy. Now you are teaching a graduate course on counseling at a local university. Ethically, you

a. may not use the textbook in your class
b. may not use the textbook in your class but other teachers at the university may indeed use your book as a textbook
c. may use the book as a textbook in your class, however, the royalties you receive must be donated to the institution
d. may use the book as a textbook in your class

Answer 78

d.

Question 79

An elementary school counselor is giving a child a standardized test. On several occasions the child says he does not understand what the counselor has said. The counselor should

a. refuse to repeat the question
b. tell the child to answer the question nevertheless
c. repeat the question, but talk more slowly
d. ignore the child’s verbalizations

Answer 79

c.

Question 80

The most popular paradigm of mental health consultation has been proposed by

a. Satir and Minuchin
b. Schein
c. Caplan
d. Bandura

Answer 80

c. Gerald Caplan - 4 basic types of mental health consultation
1. client-centered
2. consultee-centered
3. consultee-centered case consultation
4. consultee-centered administrative consultation

Question 81

The doctor-patient consultation model relies on four distinct stages: entry, diagnosis, implementation, and evaluation. In order for the doctor-patient structure to work, the consultee (i.e., the person receiving the consultation) must accurately depict symptomatology, trust the consultant’s dx, and carry our the consultant’s directives. This model is associated most closely with the work of

a. Caplan
b. Freud
c. Adler
d. Schein

Answer 81

d. Schein

Question 82

_______ is the leading cause of malpractice actions taken against counselors, therapists, and mental health providers.

a. sexual misconduct
b. dual r/s
c. failure of the duty to warn
d. inferior record keeping

Answer 82

a.

Question 83

Your client was seeing Dr. Doyle for counseling for three years. The client has now stopped seeing Dr. Doyle and has an appointment to see you. You should

a. refuse to see the client unless she will sign a release so you can secure the info Dr. Doyle compiled
b. call Dr Doyle. In this situation no release of info or consent form is necessary
c. counsel the client
d. put something in writing and send it to Dr. Doyle prior to the second session of counseling

Answer 83

c.

Question 84

You are treating a man who suffers from panic disorder. His panic attacks are so severe he cannot drive to work. After just three sessions he is not only driving to work but has taken up sky diving to demonstrate his progress over his fear. You would love to put his testimonial on your brochure to show how adept you are at treating this affliction. You should

a. ask him if he will write a few sentences to place on the brochure with his name at the end.
b. ask him if you can write the testimonial for him and place it on the brochure
c. not ask him for a testimonial since it would constitute an ethics violation
d. ask him if he will write you a few sentences to place on the brochure but assure him that his name will not appear

Answer 84

c. counselors should not solicit testimonials from clients

Question 85

Ethical dilemmas rarely have clear-cut answers. Thus when a complex ethical situation manifests itself, it is best to

a. consult only ethical codes and not colleagues
b. consult with colleagues as well as ethical codes inasmuch as legal standards are very often based on the methods of fellow professionals in analogous situations
c. consult ACA but not your colleagues
d. consult your state licensing bureau but not your colleagues

Answer 85

b.

Question 86

You have attempted to help a client for over two years with little or no success. You should

a. always refer the client to a board certified psychiatrist
b. terminate the r/s and initiate an appropriate referral
c. change therapeutic modalities and see the client for another six months
d. change therapeutic modalities and see the client for at least another year.

Answer 86

b.

Question 87

Assume that you have decided to refer a client elsewhere because you were unable to help her. The client insists upon seeing you. Ethics guidelines would dictate that

a. you must see her; your duty is to the client
b. you must refer her to a medical practitioner
c. you must ask her to consider hospitalization
d. you are not obligated to continue the r/s

Answer 87

d.

Question 88

Counseling is a relatively new profession. The first counselors in the US were not called counselors. They were

a. psychoanalysts practicing short-term therapy
b. psychoanalysts practicing long-term therapy
c. deans and advisors employed after the Civil War in college settings to watch over young women
d. humanistic psychologists

Answer 88

c.

Question 89

Historically speaking, the first psychology laboratory was set up by

a. Frank Parsons, who set up community centers to help individuals in search of work
b. Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis
c. Wilhelm Wundt, in 1879 in Leipzig, germany
d. E. G. Williamson

Answer 89

c. Wundt was convinced psychology could be accepted as a science if consciousness could be measured. Termed structuralism - structure of consciousness

Question 90

Counseling became popular after the 1931 publication of

a. Workbook in Vocations by Proctor, Benefield, and Wrenn
b. The Interpretation of Dreams by Freud
c. Behaviorism by Watson
d. Counseling and Psychotherapy by Rogers

Answer 90

a. introduced the word, counseling

Question 91

PL94-142 (The Education Act for All Handicapped Children) states that

a. all children between 5 and 21 are assured free education
b. handicapped persons are placed in the least restrictive environment
c. an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) is developed for each child
d. all of the above

Answer 91

d.

Question 92

The major trend that impacted upon the counseling movement in the 1980s

a. was reality therapy
b. was behavior modification
c. included an emphasis on professionalism, certification, and licensing
d. was the group movement

Answer 92

c. credentialing

Question 93

The APGA and APA had joint ethics guidelines for counselors and psychologists. This changed during the 1970s when

a. PsyD programs were introduced
b. the APA did not wish to credential master’s level counselors or psychologists
c. psychologists were doing more testing
d. joint ethics became illegal in the US

Answer 93

b.

Question 94

The 1950s was the age of tremendous strides in

a. analysis
b. developmental psychology
c. behavior modification
d. group work

Answer 94

b. Piaget, Erikson, and Havinghurst

Question 95

The _____ movement began in the late 1960s

a. testing
b. Rogerian
c. group
d. developmental psychology

Answer 95

c. group

Question 96

In the 1960s Gilbert Wrenn’s book, The Counselor in a Changing World, urged counselors to

a. use biofeedback
b. rely more heavily on projective testing
c. emphasize developmental concerns rather than merely focusing on crises and curing emotional illness
d. stick to proven nondirective techniques

Answer 96

c.

Question 97

One of the primary problems of counseling in the early 1960s was that it wrongly emphasized

a. social issues
b. intrapsychic processes
c. referrals to secure antidepressant medicine
d. career counseling

Answer 97

b.

Question 98

The significance of the 1958 National Defense Education Act was that it

a. provided financial aid for graduate education in counseling
b. expanded school guidance services
c. improved guidance for gifted children
d. all of the above

Answer 98

d.

Question 99

A man has a rare, highly contagious disease that is fatal. He is keeping it a secret and insists that he will never tell his wife. You should

a. break confidentiality and tell his wife
b. honor the man’s decision not to tell his wife for therapeutic reasons
c. honor the man’s decision not to tell his wife in order to maintain ethical confidentiality
d. handle it based on your clinical intuition since ethical guidelines fail to address this emotionally charged issue

Answer 99

a.