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8th Grade Science: Earth and Space > 8th Grade Science Test 11 > Flashcards

8th Grade Science Test 11 Flashcards

1
Q

In which climate zone does every location have at least one day a year when the sun is directly overhead?

A

Tropics

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2
Q

Which method of measuring time uses time zones?

A

standard solar time

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3
Q

What type of time is based on the stars?

A

sidereal time

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4
Q

The point on the celestial sphere directly above an observer

A

zenith

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5
Q

the first artificial satellite of Earth

A

Sputnik 1

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6
Q

the first satellite launched by the United States

A

Explorer 1

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7
Q

circle on the celestial sphere that runs directly overhead and through the celestial poles

A

meridian

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8
Q

the pan the sun follows in a year

A

ecliptic

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9
Q

a device that splits light into a spectrum for analysis

A

spectroscope

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10
Q

What system of timekeeping divides the day into hours A.M. and P.M.?

A

12-hour time

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11
Q

The equation of time is the relationship between solar time and

A

apparent solar time

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12
Q

What term refers to an unmanned spacecraft launched specifically to explore the unknown?

A

space probe

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13
Q

What are the two points on the path of the sun at which the sun is farthest from the celestial equator?

A

solstices

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14
Q

In what type of orbit does a satellite stay above the same point on the Earth’s surface?

A

geostationary (orbit)

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15
Q

Which calendar system is now used in most nations?

A

Gregorian calendar

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16
Q

What term refers to the earth’s slow “wobble” on its axis that causes the pole star to change?

A

precession (of the equinoxes)

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17
Q

What visible-light telescope was launched into space in 1990?

A

Hubble Space Telescope

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18
Q

What unit of time is based on the period Earth takes to orbit the sun one?

A

solar year

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19
Q

used to study the heavens

A

astronomical

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20
Q

perform a variety of functions, such as making maps, forecasting crop production, spotting forest fires, and surveying cities

A

Earth observation

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21
Q

relay telephone conversations an radio and television broadcasts

A

communications

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22
Q

include the satellites of the Global Positioning System

A

navigational

23
Q

a telescope that uses a mirror as the objective

A

reflecting telescope

24
Q

the abbreviation that stands for after death

A

anno Domini

25
Q

the technique in which computer-controlled mirrors constantly flex and bend to correct for atmospheric distortion

A

adaptive optics

26
Q

When white light shines through a gas and then passes through a prism, the broad spectrum of color will show narrow, dark lines called

A

absorption lines

27
Q

the mean solar time at Earth’s prime meridian

A

UTC (or coordinated universal time)

28
Q

a circumpolar star that crosses the meridian between the visible celestial pole and the horizon is making an ___ transit

A

lower

29
Q

In which type of orbit does a satellite cross the equator at the same local mean solar time on every orbit?

A

sun-synchronous orbit

30
Q

Which type of orbit would a spacecraft use to increase its altitude?

A

Hohmann transfer orbit

31
Q

From which calendar do the English month names come?

A

Julian

32
Q

What was the first space station designed so that it could be expanded?

A

Mir

33
Q

What astronomical event marks the beginning of winter in the Northern Hemisphere?

A

December solstice

34
Q

What United States’ space program landed a man on the moon?

A

Apollo

35
Q

At an altitude of 500 miles above the earth, a satellite with a speed of 16,700 mph will have a circular orbit. Which of the following describes the orbit of a satellite at an altitude of 500 miles and a speed of 17,100 mph?

A

The satellite will have an elliptical orbit with the lowest point at 500 miles and the highest point above 500 miles.

36
Q

What rocket design did the United States use to launch manned moon missions?

A

Saturn V

37
Q

What term refers to the highest point of the orbit of an earth-orbiting satellite?

A

apogee

38
Q

What part of a telescope collects the light?

A

objective

39
Q

The term that refers to the speed of a spacecraft must be traveling at to leave Earth’s gravity without using its rockets anymore

A

escape velocity

40
Q

The unite of time, larger than a day, that is not based on the motion of a heavenly body

A

week

41
Q

the first type of spacecraft designed to be reused

A

space shuttle

42
Q

a rocket that can be stored for years with the fuel loaded

A

solid-fuel rocket

43
Q

scientists can use multiple radio telescopes to produce images more detailed than possible with a single radio telescope by using the technique called

A

interferometry

44
Q

the two points at which the path of the sun crosses the celestial equator

A

equinoxes

45
Q

the two basic kinds of optical telescopes

A

refracting telescope

reflecting telescope

46
Q

first American in space

A

Alan Shepard

47
Q

first woman in space

A

Valentine Tereshkova

48
Q

Father of Modern Rocketry

A

Robert Goddard

49
Q

first man in space

A

Yuri Gagarin

50
Q

first American to orbit the earth

A

John Glenn

51
Q

German-born engineer who became the United States’ top rocket designer

A

Wernher von BraunJohn Gl

52
Q

first man to set foot on the moon

A

Neil Armstrong

53
Q

explain why the Julian and Gregorian calendars have leap years and contrast how these calendars determine which years are leap years.

A

Leap years are needed because there is not a whole number of days in a solar year.
In the Julian calendar, every fourth is a leap year.
The Gregorian calendar’s major difference from the Julian calendar is the elimination of leap years for all century years except those evenly divisible by 400.

8th Grade Science: Earth and Space (12 decks)

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