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8th Grade Science: Earth and Space > 8th Grade Science Test 8 > Flashcards

8th Grade Science Test 8 Flashcards

1
Q

considered a high-level cloud

A

cirrostratus

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2
Q

considered a mid-level cloud

A

nimbostratus

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3
Q

cooling air becomes saturated at a temperature called

A

dew point

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4
Q

type of drought that occurs when precipitation cannot supply enough moisture to the ground to support an area’s crops

A

agricultural drought

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5
Q

type of drought based on a water shortage’s effect on people

A

socioeconomic drought

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6
Q

type of cloud that forms a flat, gray layer of heavy clouds not far above the ground

A

stratus

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7
Q

type of front formed when a warm air mass moves into a region occupied by a cold air mass

A

warm front

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8
Q

type of front forms a Y shape

A

occluded front

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9
Q

precipitation made of ice crystals that fall to the ground

A

snow

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10
Q

which type of air mass brings cool, wet weather

A

maritime polar

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11
Q

type of air mass brings warm, moist weather

A

maritime tropical

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12
Q

the process of a liquid becoming a gas

A

evaporation

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13
Q

when the temperature of air rises, relative humidity will

A

decrease

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14
Q

the year-round atmospheric conditions typical of a certain place

A

climate

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15
Q

the movement of water from the earth’s surface, into the air, and back to the surface

A

water cycle

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16
Q

an almond-shaped cloud

A

lenticular cloud

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17
Q

the air mass that brings very cold and dry weather

A

Arctic air mass

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18
Q

a low that forms along a front

A

frontal cyclone

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19
Q

which type of front forms when two air masses push against each other but neither advances?

A

stationary front

20
Q

a mixture of smoke and fog

A

smog

21
Q

the amount of water vapor in the air

A

humidity

22
Q

phenomenon that occurs when an area receives an abnormally low amount of precipitation over a long period

A

drought

23
Q

rain that freezes before it hits the ground

A

sleet

24
Q

the study of weather and of the atmospheric conditions that produce weather

A

meteorology

25
Q

the phenomenon that occurs when an air mass remains stationary one a region for a long time

A

air-mass weather

26
Q

list the three factors that affect the density of an air mass

A

temperature
humidity
pressure

27
Q

a substance going from a solid to a liquid

A

melting

28
Q

water vapor in the air that touches the ground and turns to ice

A

frost

29
Q

water vapor in the air that touches the cooler ground and turns to a liquid

A

dew

30
Q

ice crystals in clouds that grow large enough to fall to the ground

A

snowflakes

31
Q

layered balls of ice

A

hailstones

32
Q

white, billowy clouds that resemble piles of cotton puffs

A

cumulus

33
Q

type of fog found along the slopes of mountains

A

upslope fog

34
Q

drops of liquid water that have a diameter of 0.5 millimeter or greater and fall from the clouds to Earth

A

rain

35
Q

snowflakes with white, feather benches forming a leaf- or star-shaped pattern

A

dendrites

36
Q

air that is completely full of water vapor and can hold no more is considered

A

saturated

37
Q

the most frequent type of cloud

A

stratocumulus

38
Q

forms when a body of rising air reaches the dew point

A

cloud

39
Q

clouds consist of tiny ice crystals or droplets of

A

liquid water

40
Q

most clouds result from adiabatic ___ of moist air

A

cooling

41
Q

the ratio comparing the actual humidity tot he humidity of saturated air under the same conditions is

A

relative humidity

42
Q

a large body of air with relatively uniform properties

A

air mass

43
Q

airborne water vapor cannot turn into liquid without a small particle called

A

condensation nucleus

44
Q

the three major factors that determine the earth’s weather

A

heat energy
uneven distribution of heat energy
water vapor

45
Q

a thick, brownish haze that results from complex molecules released into the air by vehicles and some factories and plants

A

photochemical smog

46
Q

List and explain two processes that form rain.

A

Bergeron process (cold-cloud process) - water vapor in portions of a cloud below freezing crystallizes around freezing nuclei. The ice crystals absorb water vapor from the cloud and stick to each other, growing large enough to be snowflakes. The snowflakes fall through the cloud, melting in warmer air near the round to form rain.

collision-coalescence process - larger-than-normal condensation nuclei in regions of the cloud above freezing cause the formation of “giant” cloud droplets, which grow larger by colliding with smaller droplets. When they become too big to remain suspended in the air, the droplets fall to the earth as rain.

8th Grade Science: Earth and Space (12 decks)

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