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8th Grade Science: Earth and Space > 8th Grade Science Test 7 > Flashcards

8th Grade Science Test 7 Flashcards

1
Q

the outermost layer of the atmosphere

A

exosphere

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2
Q

air flowing up a mountain’s slope due to differences in temperature and pressure

A

anabatic

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3
Q

type of wind that occurs when dense, cold air flows from higher to lower elevations due to gravity

A

fall wind

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4
Q

very dry and often dusty wind that blows in Southern California

A

Santa Ana

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5
Q

layer of the atmosphere that “bounces” certain types of radio waves back toward the ground

A

ionosphere

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6
Q

heat transfer by electromagnetic waves

A

radiation

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7
Q

heat transfer by moving currents of hot air

A

convection

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8
Q

a cool, gentle wind that blows from the land to the sea

A

land breeze

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9
Q

the most powerful and dangerous form of UV radiation

A

UVC

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10
Q

type of radiation that causes tanning and sunburns

A

UVB

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11
Q

layer of the atmosphere characterized by high temperatures

A

thermosphere

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12
Q

the most abundant gas in the homosphere

A

nitrogen

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13
Q

the process in which the temperature of a gas rises as the gas is compressed with no heat lost

A

adiabatic heating

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14
Q

the coldest point in the atmosphere

A

mesopause

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15
Q

marks the upper boundary of the thermosphere

A

thermopause

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16
Q

Does insolation warm water more quickly than it warms land?

A

No

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17
Q

Does water hold heat longer than land does?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Does insolation warm water more slowly than it warms land?

A

yes

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19
Q

which rises faster–warm or cool air?

A

warm

20
Q

winds that reverse their direction from season to season

A

monsoons

21
Q

a warm, dry wind that travels down a slope

A

foehn

22
Q

Be able to label the convection cells.

A

polar cell
Ferrel cell
Hadley cell

23
Q

upper troposphere waves that play a large part in the formation of cyclones and anticyclones

A

Rossby waves

24
Q

the four main actors that affect insolation

A

cloud cover
length of daytime
angle of the sun’s rays
Earth’s distance from the sun

25
Q

the scientific name for the northern and southern lights

A

auroras

26
Q

the layer of the atmosphere that acts as a “shield” to protect the earth’s surface

A

ozone layer

27
Q

least understood layer of the atmosphere

A

mesosphere

28
Q

the atmosphere’s “weather layer”

A

troposphere

29
Q

strong, steady winds but few changes of weather

A

stratosphere

30
Q

portion of the earth’s magnetic field that is affected by the solar winds

A

magnetosphere

31
Q

the decimal equivalent of solar radiation that an object reflects

A

albedo

32
Q

the blanket of gases that surrounds our planet

A

atmosphere

33
Q

a circulating spiral of wind around a low-pressure system

A

cyclone

34
Q

term referring to the amount of energy available to heat the earth’s land, water, and air

A

energy budget

35
Q

the process that traps heat in the earth’s atmosphere

A

greenhouse effect

36
Q

belt-like regions surrounding the earth that trap particles from the solar wind

A

Van Allen radiation belts

37
Q

regions of high pressure and gentle winds at 30 degrees north and south latitude

A

horse latitudes

38
Q

surface winds that blow from high-pressure regions toward the equator

A

trade winds

39
Q

equatorial zone where sailing ships were often left without wind

A

ITCZ

40
Q

high-altitude wind in a narrow, meandering band

A

jet stream

41
Q

a circulating spiral of wind around a high-pressure system

A

anticyclone

42
Q

atmosphere pressure at sea level in pounds per square inch

A

14.7

43
Q

extremely powerful radiation that comes from deep space

A

cosmic rays

44
Q

the most important greenhouse gas

A

water vapor

45
Q

the region in which a magnet affects other objects

A

magnetic field

46
Q

the lower layer of the atmosphere

A

homosphere

47
Q

Explain what the Coriolis effect s and why it occurs.

A

Please find this for yourself.

8th Grade Science: Earth and Space (12 decks)

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