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Biology Lecture 1116 > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

1
Q

Differences between plants and animals

A

Mode of nutrition-auto or heterotrophic(digestive system)

Animals have:
Body form based on- muscle and skeletal systems
Coordination- nervous sensory systems and hormonal control
Internal movement of materials -circulatory system
Utilization of resources -resp and urinary systems

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2
Q

Cambrian explosion

A

460 MYA

Many new animals forms evolved, starting in the seas and then colonizing the land

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3
Q

Fossil evidence of animal evolution

A

Ediacaran fauna-560 MYA

simple radial forms
Many body segments and legs
Soft body

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4
Q

Which group of Animals is the basal taxon

A

Sponges

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5
Q

Eumetazoa

A

Clade of animals with true tissues (layer or group of cells anchored to a non living basal membrane)

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6
Q

Most animals belong to which clade

A

Bilateria

Bilateral symmetry (2 equal mirror pieces)

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7
Q

Are most animals with or without a backbone?

A

Without

Invertebrates

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8
Q

Where did animals evolve from most like and when

A

From a colonial,flagellated protist about 700 Mya

Choanoflagellate colony

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9
Q

Biplobalstic

Triploblastic

A

2 germ or embryonic layers -ends and ectoderm

3 germ or embryonic layers- endo, meso and ectoderm

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10
Q

Protestostomes development

A

(Most invertebrates)

  • Their mouth comes form the embryonic blastopore
  • mesoderm developers from cells that divide into the blastocoel
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11
Q

Deuterostome development

A

(Few invertebrates and all vertebrates)

  • their mouth arises opposite from the embryonic blastopore
  • mesoderm develops as a secondary outpouching of the endoderm

-starfish, us

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12
Q

Coelomate

Pseudocoelomate

Acoelomate

A

True cavity completely lined with mesoderm

False cavity incompletely lined with mesoderm

Without a cavity but with solid mass of mesoderm

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13
Q

Radial symmetry

A

Common in animals that are sedentary, world appears even from all directions

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14
Q

Invertebrates account for……

A

95% of the known species

Occur all habitats

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15
Q

Phylum Porifera

A

(Sponges)-700 Mya

  • no defined body symmetry, though superficially radial
  • organism composed of cell layers with some specialization arranged around a chamber (or many chambers) lined with choanocytes.
  • no true tissues:cells not anchored to a non living basement membrane
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16
Q

Mature vs larval stage of sponges

A

Filter feeding, sedentary

Mobile, multi called

17
Q

Radial animals have how many tissues

Bilateral….

A

Diploblastic

Triploblastic (highly mobile, complex behaviour and nervous system

18
Q

Phylum Cnidaria

A
  • jelly fish
  • polyp (attached, sedentary) or medusa (mobile)
  • mouths and anus are the same opening
  • simple nervous system
19
Q

How do jellyfish use their muscles to propel themselves

A

When circle bands contract they stretch out longitudinal muscles then longitudinal muscles contract and make the organism shorter and thicker

20
Q

Signature cell of Cnidarians

A

In the cniocyte is a cell called the nematocyst which discharges or shoots stinging thread

21
Q

What do the germ layers become

A

Ectoderm- becomes outer surface and nervous tissue
Mesoderm- muscles, skeleton connective tissues
Endoderm- lining of digestive tract (gut)

22
Q

Body cavities

A

Most animals have a fluid filled internal body cavity called a coelom

Coelomic fluid can be squeezed to make the body love and is used for transport. Also provides space to grow

23
Q

Major clases from the Cambrian explosion

A

Lophotrochozoa
Ecdysozoa
Deuterostomia

24
Q

Lophotrochozoa

A

Refers to the bearing of filtering structures like tentacles and the presence of the trochophore larva somewhere in development (wheel, referring to bound of cilia in a Wheel like pattern that aid in locomotion.

Phylum Platyhelminthes
Annelida
Molluscs

25
Q

Ecdysoza

A

Animals that periodically shed a non living cuticle or skin to allow growth. Included Arthropoda (most diverse group of animals)

Nematodes
Arthropods-most successful body plan (crab, grasshopper,)

26
Q

Deuteronomia

A

Develop embryonically with the mouth or anus opening to the digestive system opposite of the embryonic blastopore.

Echinoderms (starfish)
Chordates (vertebrates)

27
Q

Characteristics of chordates

A
  • notochord
  • dorsal hollow nerve cord
  • pharyngeal slits
  • muscular post anal tail
28
Q

Tunicates

A

Sea squirts

Free swimming in larval stage, sedentary in adult

29
Q

Lung fish and gills

A

-lung fish have invagination (infolding) of the body wall lined with a layer of cells with very thin and permeable cell membranes where O2 passes.
-gills have evagination of body wall that is covered by cells with similar ability to absorb O2.
Both increase Surface area

30
Q

Amphibians

A
  • oldest group of tetrapods
  • 365-245 Mya
  • permeable skin for respiration (with gills as well) (skin needs moisture)
  • 3 chambered heart
  • eggs in water, fertilized externally
31
Q

Amniotes

A

350 mya
Reptiles, birds, mammals

-amniotic egg: extra embryonic membranes create a “pond” in a shell

32
Q

Reptiles

A
  • dry scales made of keratin
  • ectothermic:absorb heat as man source of body heat
  • lungs
33
Q

Birds

A
  • evolved from the Saurischian dinosaurs
  • birds considered reptiles
  • flight
  • feathers made of keratin
  • endothermic: within heat
  • hollow homes for flight
34
Q

Mammals

A

Hair and mammary glands

  • 4 chambered heart
  • diaphragm
  • generate own heat
  • kidneys
35
Q

Monotremes
Marsupials
Eutherian

A

Egg laying mammals
In pouch
True uterus

36
Q

Derived characteristics

A

Differentiate groups of organism from other groups that have a more ancient evolutionary commonality

37
Q

Ecology

A

The study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms

38
Q

Population

A

Individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area, they rely on the same resources and are influenced by the same environmental factors and have a high likelihood of interacting with each other

Biology Lecture 1116 (11 decks)

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